Pain severity scores for common equine disorders as provided by horse owners and equine veterinarians

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra C. Sellon ◽  
Macarena Sanz ◽  
Jamie J. Kopper ◽  
Debora Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Pain Severity ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Horse Owners

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Severity of Chronic Pain in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205435812199399
Author(s):  
Sara N. Davison ◽  
Sarah Rathwell ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
Chelsy George ◽  
Ted Pfister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Mean

Background: Chronic pain is a common and distressing symptom reported by patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical practice and research in this area do not appear to be advancing sufficiently to address the issue of chronic pain management in patients with CKD. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of chronic pain in patients with CKD. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: Interventional and observational studies presenting data from 2000 or later. Exclusion criteria included acute kidney injury or studies that limited the study population to a specific cause, symptom, and/or comorbidity. Patients: Adults with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) category 3 to 5 CKD including dialysis patients and those managed conservatively without dialysis. Measurements: Data extracted included title, first author, design, country, year of data collection, publication year, mean age, stage of CKD, prevalence of pain, and severity of pain. Methods: Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, last searched on February 3, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts, assessed potentially relevant articles, and extracted data. We estimated pooled prevalence of overall chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, bone/joint pain, muscle pain/soreness, and neuropathic pain and the I2 statistic was computed to measure heterogeneity. Random effects models were used to account for variations in study design and sample populations and a double arcsine transformation was used in the model calculations to account for potential overweighting of studies reporting either very high or very low prevalence measurements. Pain severity scores were calibrated to a score out of 10, to compare across studies. Weighted mean severity scores and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results: Sixty-eight studies representing 16 558 patients from 26 countries were included. The mean prevalence of chronic pain in hemodialysis patients was 60.5%, and the mean prevalence of moderate or severe pain was 43.6%. Although limited, pain prevalence data for peritoneal dialysis patients (35.9%), those managed conservatively without dialysis (59.8%), those following withdrawal of dialysis (39.2%), and patients with earlier GFR category of CKD (61.2%) suggest similarly high prevalence rates. Limitations: Studies lacked a consistent approach to defining the chronicity and nature of pain. There was also variability in the measures used to determine pain severity, limiting the ability to compare findings across populations. Furthermore, most studies reported mean severity scores for the entire cohort, rather than reporting the prevalence (numerator and denominator) for each of the pain severity categories (mild, moderate, and severe). Mean severity scores for a population do not allow for “responder analyses” nor allow for an understanding of clinically relevant pain. Conclusions: Chronic pain is common and often severe across diverse CKD populations providing a strong imperative to establish chronic pain management as a clinical and research priority. Future research needs to move toward a better understanding of the determinants of chronic pain and to evaluating the effectiveness of pain management strategies with particular attention to the patient outcomes such as overall symptom burden, physical function, and quality of life. The current variability in the outcome measures used to assess pain limits the ability to pool data or make comparisons among studies, which will hinder future evaluations of the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments. Recommendations for measuring and reporting pain in future CKD studies are provided. Trial registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020166965

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks Related to Pain Self-Management, Emotion and Self-Efficacy: A Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Control Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth F Lucas ◽  
Yiming Zhang ◽  
Beth Russell ◽  
Pornpan Srisopa ◽  
Julianna Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Ongoing Pain

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) outcomes can vary by concomitant emotions, ongoing pain, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of ongoing pain with breastfeeding, concomitant emotions and breastfeeding self-efficacy scores (BSES) with EBF outcomes at 6 weeks postpartum. Design: A secondary analysis of a randomized pilot trial of a home-based breastfeeding pain self-management (BSM) intervention for 56 mothers (26 BSM, 30 Control). The BSM intervention provided self-management strategies for breastfeeding and breastfeeding pain. Effect modification of EBF and associated symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep, well-being pain severity scores, BSES, and group assignment was assessed using the likelihood ratio test. Results: EBF at 6 weeks controlling for demographic covariates, the group, pain severity, anxiety and sleep were significant predictors. Mothers with every one point increase in their pain severity score and sleep score, had a decrease of 9% (OR = .91, 95%CI = [.79, .98]) and 25% (OR = .75, 95% CI = [.52, .95]) respectively and with a one point increase in the anxiety score, a 58% (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.13, 2.72]) increase in the odds of EBF at week 6. Conclusion: Examinations of EBF at 6 weeks should include evaluation of mothers ongoing pain and emotional distress, as mothers continue breastfeeding even at personal cost. Early identification and validation of breastfeeding challenges, ongoing pain, and emotional distress are needed to bolster mothers confidence in their breastfeeding skills, thus supporting their EBF goals.

scholarly journals Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Yasuo Haruyama ◽  
Gen Kobashi ◽  
Toshimi Sairenchi ◽  
Koji Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Impact

Background. The role of central sensitization in refractory pain-related diseases has not yet been clarified. Methods. We performed a multicenter case-controlled study including 551 patients with various neurological, psychological, and pain disorders and 5,188 healthy controls to investigate the impact of central sensitization in these patients. Symptoms related to central sensitization syndrome (CSS) were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) parts A and B. Patients were categorized into 5 groups based on CSI-A scores from subclinical to extreme. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), addressing pain severity and pain interference with daily activities, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, assessing depressive symptoms, were also administered. Results. CSI-A scores and CSI-B disease numbers were significantly greater in patients than in controls ( p < 0.001 ). Medium effect sizes (r = 0.37) for CSI-A scores and large effect sizes (r = 0.64) for CSI-B disease numbers were found between patients and control groups. Compared with the CSI-A subclinical group, the CSI-A mild, moderate, severe, and extreme groups had significantly higher BPI pain interference and severity scores, PHQ-9 scores, and CSS-related disease numbers based on ANCOVA. Greater CSI-B numbers resulted in higher CSI-A scores ( p < 0.001 ) and a higher odds ratio ( p for trend <0.001). CSS-related symptoms were associated with pain severity, pain interference with daily activities, and depressive symptoms in various pain-related diseases. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that CSS may participate in these conditions as common pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative testing of DARWeb: An online self-guided intervention for children with functional abdominal pain and their parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1511-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Nieto ◽  
Mercè Boixadós ◽  
Eulàlia Hernández ◽  
Imma Beneitez ◽  
Anna Huguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The main objective of this study was to preliminary explore the effects of DARWeb on different outcomes. A Quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest–posttest design was used. Parents and children were asked to complete questionnaires and questions (separately) about quality of life, abdominal pain severity, and satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews with families were also performed. This study focuses on 17 families. Results showed that parent’s ratings of children’s abdominal pain severity were significantly lower after finishing the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up, and quality of life scores had increased significantly after 3 months. From children’s ratings, mean abdominal pain severity scores were significantly lower after the intervention compared to the preintervention assessment. Both parents and children were quite satisfied with the intervention. In qualitative interviews, families suggested that DARWeb helped them to give less importance to pain and to learn coping strategies. In conclusion, this study showed the potential usefulness of DARWeb for children with functional abdominal pain and for their parents.

scholarly journals Neuronal Correlates of Cognitive Control Are Altered in Women With Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Z. Steiner ◽  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
Katherine Wassink ◽  
Frances M. De Blasio ◽  
Jack S. Fogarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Related Potentials

Endometriosis is a debilitating women's health condition and is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Impaired cognitive control is common in chronic pain conditions, however, it has not yet been investigated in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to explore the neuronal correlates of cognitive control in women with endometriosis. Using a cross-sectional study design with data collected at a single time-point, event-related potentials were elicited during a cued continuous performance test from 20 women with endometriosis (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched controls (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years). Event-related potential components were extracted and P3 component amplitudes were derived with temporal principal components analysis. Behavioral and ERP outcomes were compared between groups and subjective pain severity was correlated with ERP component amplitudes. No significant behavioral differences were seen in task performance between the groups (all p &gt; 0.094). Target P3b (all p &lt; 0.034) and SW (all p &lt; 0.040), and non-target early P3a (eP3a; all p &lt; 0.023) and late P3a (lP3a; all p &lt; 0.035) amplitudes were smaller for the endometriosis compared to the healthy control group. Lower non-target eP3a (p &lt; 0.001), lP3a (p = 0.013), and SW (p = 0.019) amplitudes were correlated with higher pain severity scores. Findings suggest that endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain is linked to alterations in stimulus-response processing and inhibitory control networks, but not impaired behavioral performance, due to compensatory neuroplastic changes in overlapping cognitive control and pain networks.

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Costal Cartilage Fractures With Titanium Plate Internal Fixation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Yonghong Zhao ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Weiming Wu ◽  
Xiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: This study aim to evaluate surgical procedures for titanium plate internal fixation of costal cartilage fractures with displacement or nonunion. Methods: From January 2019 to October 2020, 13 patients with costal cartilage fractures were treated with titanium plate internal fixation in the thoracic surgery department of the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital. Pain severity scale scores and respiratory function were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. All the patients had a 6-month follow-up for treatment evaluation. Results: The mean hospital length of stay was 10.7 days. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between preoperative and postoperative pain severity scores( 7.69 vs. 5.00). VC (24.6% vs. 44.5%) and FEV1 (25.3% vs. 44.0%) were also significantly different before operation and after operation (P<0.05). At follow-up, healing of the nonunion or fracture was confirmed in all the cases. Conclusion: The rigid titanium plate application ensured a safe and easy management of costal cartilage fractures and nonunion with a good prognosis as compared with other methods.

scholarly journals The effect of obesity on pain severity and pain interference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade I Basem ◽  
Robert S White ◽  
Stephanie A Chen ◽  
Elizabeth Mauer ◽  
Michele L Steinkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Interference Score

Aim: Obesity is one of the most prevalent comorbidities associated with chronic pain, which can severely interfere with daily living and increase utilization of clinical resources. We hypothesized that a higher level of obesity, measured by BMI, would be associated with increased pain severity (intensity) and interference (pain related disability). Materials & methods: Participant data was pulled from a multisite chronic pain outpatient database and categorized based on BMI. Results: A total of 2509 patients were included in the study. We found significant differences between BMI groups for all pain severity scores (worst, least, average, current) and total pain interference score. Obese patients had significantly higher scores than normal weight patients. Conclusion: We found obesity to be associated with increased pain severity and pain interference.

scholarly journals The Effect of Obesity on Pain Severity and Pain Interference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Basem ◽  
Robert S. White ◽  
Stephanie A. Chen ◽  
Elizabeth Mauer ◽  
Michele L. Steinkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interference Score

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesObesity is one of the most prevalent comorbidities associated with chronic pain, the experience of which can severely interfere with activities of daily living and increase the utilization of clinical resources. Obesity is also a risk factor for increased pain severity (pain intensity) and pain interference (pain related disability). We hypothesize that a higher level of obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), would be associated with increased levels of pain severity and interference in a population of chronic pain clinic patients.MethodsParticipant data was pulled from a multi-site chronic pain outpatient database from 7/8/2011 to 10/17/2016. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), opioid prescriptions, and basic demographic information were queried and we categorized participants into three different ordinal categories based on recorded BMI levels (underweight, normal and overweight, obese). Bivariate analyses were performed to compare pain outcomes by BMI and by other demographic/clinical patient characteristics. Multivariable linear regressions were constructed to model each of four pain severity scores in addition to total pain interference score. All models examined BMI as the primary predictor, controlling for age, receipt of a pain procedure within 45 days prior to the pain clinic encounter, opioid prescription within 45 days prior to the encounter, and diagnosis. The total pain interference model additionally included pain severity (as measured by worst pain in the past 24 hours) as a covariate.Results2509 patients were included in the study. The median BMI was 27 and the median age was 59 years. 77% of patients were diagnosed with musculoskeletal pain conditions. Bivariate tests revealed significant differences between BMI groups for all pain severity scores and for total pain interference score. On multivariable modelling controlling for age, pain procedure within 45 days prior to pain clinic encounter, opioid prescription with 45 days prior, and diagnosis, obese patients had significantly higher pain severity (as measured by worst, least, average, and current pain in the past 24 hours) as well as higher pain interference (as measured by the overall pain interference score) than normal weight and overweight patients.ConclusionIn our study of pain clinic patients, obesity was found to be associated with increased pain severity and pain interference. We believe that this relationship is multifactorial and bidirectional. Pain phyisicans should consider the impact of obesity when addressing pain management for patients.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 and Bifidobacterium lactis UABla-12 Improve Abdominal Pain Severity and Symptomology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Martoni ◽  
Shalini Srivastava ◽  
Gregory J. Leyer
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Irritable Bowel

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study investigated the clinical efficacy of two probiotic strains on abdominal pain severity and symptomology in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Three hundred and thirty adults, aged 18 to 70 years, with IBS according to Rome IV criteria were allocated (1:1:1) to receive placebo, Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 (1 × 1010 CFU/day) or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis UABla-12 (1 × 1010 CFU/day) over six weeks. The primary outcome was the change in Abdominal Pain Severity - Numeric Rating Scale (APS-NRS). Over the intervention period, APS-NRS was significantly improved in both probiotic groups vs. placebo in absolute terms (DDS-1: −2.59 ± 2.07, p = 0.001; UABla-12: −1.56 ± 1.83, p = 0.001) and in percentage of significant responders (DDS-1: 52.3%, p < 0.001); UABla-12 (28.2%, p = 0.031). Significant amelioration vs. placebo was observed in IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) scores for L. acidophilus DDS-1 (−133.4 ± 95.19, p < 0.001) and B. lactis UABla-12 (−104.5 ± 96.08, p < 0.001) groups, including sub-scores related to abdominal pain, abdominal distension, bowel habits and quality of life. Additionally, a significant normalization was observed in stool consistency in both probiotic groups over time and as compared to placebo. In conclusion, L. acidophilus DDS-1 and B. lactis UABla-12 improved abdominal pain and symptom severity scores with a corresponding normalization of bowel habits in adults with IBS.

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