Equine influenza vaccines in Europe: A view from the animal health industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. I. Horspool ◽  
A. King
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Equine Influenza

scholarly journals Complete Genomic Sequences of H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus Strains Used as Vaccine Strains in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Nemoto ◽  
Takashi Yamanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Bannai ◽  
Koji Tsujimura ◽  
Hiroshi Kokado
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Complete Genomic

ABSTRACT We sequenced the eight segments of influenza A virus strains A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007 and A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010, which are strains of the Florida sublineage clades 1 and 2 of the H3N8 subtype equine influenza virus. These strains have been used as vaccine strains in Japan since 2016 in accordance with World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommendations.

scholarly journals Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a Carbomer adjuvant

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mumford ◽  
H. Wilson ◽  
D. Hannant ◽  
D. M. Jessett
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The Third ◽  
Virus Excretion ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYEquine influenza vaccines containing inactivated whole virus and Carbomer adjuvant stimulated higher levels and longer lasting antibody to haemagglutinin in ponies than vaccines of equivalent antigenic content containing aluminium phosphate adjuvants. Five months after the third dose of vaccine containing Carbomer adjuvant, ponies were protected against clinical disease induced by an aerosol of virulent influenza virus (A/equine/Newmarket/79, H3N8). In contrast ponies which received vaccine containing aluminium phosphate adjuvant were susceptible to infection and disease. There was an inverse correlation between prechallenge levels of antibody detected by single radial haemolysis (SRH) and duration of virus excretion, pyrexia and coughing. All ponies with antibody levels equivalent to SRH zones of ≥ 154 mm2 were protected against infection and all those with levels ≤ 85 mm2 were protected from disease.

scholarly journals Equine influenza in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
NR Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Health Response ◽  
National Response ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Major Disruption

A large-scale outbreak of equine influenza (EI) virus in Australia in 2007 resulted in major disruption to horse activities and related industries across the nation and particularly in the two infected states (Queensland and New South Wales). In a major test of animal health response capacity, the outbreak was successfully contained and the EI virus eradicated as a result of a coordinated national response that relied heavily on the cooperation of government and industry stakeholders. Quarantine measures have been strengthened to minimise the risk of future incursions and ensure that Australia remains free of this important and highly contagious disease.

Equine Influenza: Prevention and Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamanaka ◽  
◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Tomio Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
Horse Industry ◽  
World Organization ◽  
And Control

Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious selflimiting respiratory disease in horses that is caused by equine influenza virus (EIV) infection. EIV is presented by horses worldwide and has a huge financial impact on the horse industry in many countries. Although an outbreak of EI can be controlled by prior immunization by using vaccination, the efficacy of the vaccine is influenced by antigenic differences between epidemic strains and vaccine strains. Thus, to keep the vaccine effective, the vaccine strains should be reviewed periodically on the basis of global surveillance, such as the epidemiological report issued annually in the bulletin of the World Organization for Animal Health. Once an outbreak occurs, sanitary management, including the restriction of horse movement, should be conducted to eliminate the source of the causative virus and protect susceptible horses. The rapid identification of EIV in respiratory tract secretions enables the prompt administration of sanitary management. Although commercially available rapid antigen detection tests should be improved in terms of sensitivity, one of the tests (ESPLINE Flu A+B) worked as a convenient method for the rapid diagnosis and screening of a number of horses for EI during the 2007 outbreak in Japan, in addition to laboratory tests such as virus isolation. A more sensitive test must be developed that can be performed easily without special equipment or technical expertise.

scholarly journals Equine Influenza vaccines based on conserved regions of the HA glycoprotein

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. S75-S76
Author(s):  
C.A. Caldevilla ◽  
Y. L. Paredes Rojas ◽  
L.I. Ibañez ◽  
N. Mattion
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Conserved Regions

Equine influenza outbreaks in the UK: a practical approach to prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
Virus Spreading ◽  
Health Trust

With outbreaks of equine influenza continuing to be reported in the UK, Richard Newton and Fleur Whitlock of the Animal Health Trust discusses practical steps that vets can promote and practise to reduce the risk of the virus spreading.

scholarly journals A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Pilar Blanco-Lobo ◽  
Laura Rodriguez ◽  
Stephanie Reedy ◽  
Fatai S. Oladunni ◽  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
World Organization

Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.

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