scholarly journals Differential rotational movement of the thoracolumbosacral region in high‐level jumping horses, when trotted in‐hand and ridden in a straight line with three different riding positions

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (S55) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Differential Rotational Movement of the Thoracolumbosacral Spine in High-Level Dressage Horses Ridden in a Straight Line, in Sitting Trot and Seated Canter Compared to In-Hand Trot

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Russell MacKechnie-Guire ◽  
Thilo Pfau
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lumbar Area ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc

Assessing back dysfunction is a key part of the investigative process of “loss of athletic performance” in the horse and quantitative data may help veterinary decision making. Ranges of motion of differential translational and rotational movement between adjacent inertial measurement units attached to the skin over thoracic vertebrae 5, 13 and 18 (T5, T13, T18) lumbar vertebra 3 (L3) and tuber sacrale (TS) were measured in 10 dressage horses during trot in-hand and ridden in sitting trot/canter. Straight-line motion cycles were analysed using a general linear model (random factor: horse; fixed factor: exercise condition; Bonferroni post hoc correction: p < 0.05). At T5-T13 the differential heading was smaller in sitting trot (p ≤ 0.0001, 5.1° (0.2)) and canter (p ≤ 0.0001, 3.2° (0.2)) compared to trotting in-hand (7.4° (0.4)). Compared to trotting in-hand (3.4° (0.4)) at T18-L3 differential pitch was higher in sitting trot (p ≤ 0.0001, 7.5° (0.3)) and canter (p ≤ 0.0001, 6.3° (0.3)). At L3-TS, differential pitch was increased in canter (6.5° (0.5)) compared to trotting in-hand (p = 0.006, 4.9° (0.6)) and differential heading was higher in sitting trot (4° (0.2)) compared to canter (p = 0.02, 2.9° (0.3)). Compared to in-hand, reduced heading was measured in the cranial–thoracic area and increased in the caudal–thoracic and lumbar area. Pitch increased with ridden exercise from the caudal–thoracic to the sacral area.

The Control of Walking in Orthoptera

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
M. D. BURNS
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tripod Gait ◽  
High Level ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Leg Movements

1. The patterns of leg movements during normal straight-line walking of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and the grasshopper Romalea microptera were recorded and analysed. 2. The ratio of protraction to retraction increased with walking speed except in the prothoracic legs. At any one speed both protraction and retraction durations were variable but the variation was greatest for protraction. 3. The locust employed an alternating tripod gait at all walking speeds recorded (2-8 steps/sec.) It displayed a high level of variability in its leg movements which appeared to be held in check by stabilising mechanisms operating on the first and last leg pairs. 4. The movements of individual legs of the grasshopper were very similar to those of the locust but the gait used was not alternating tripod. 5. Comparisons were made with other insects and it was suggested that the specialization of the metathoracic legs in the locust gave rise to most of the variability in leg movements and that the relative independence of the prothoracic legs reflects an exploratory role in walking.

MASALAH PRIORITAS YANG DIHADAPI PETANI DALAM BUDIDAYA TOMAT DI DESA OEMATNUNU KECAMATAN KUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Juruslan Djawa Rangga Ndima ◽  
Serman Nikolaus ◽  
Selfius P. N. Nainiti
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Importance

The Research with respect to determine the priority problem faced by farmers in tomato cultivation at Oematnunu Village, West Kupang Sub-District, the District of Kupang, had been conducted for five months in 2019. Objectives of this researeh are:1) to indentify characteristics of tomato cultivation applied by farmers at Oematnunu Village, West Kupang Sub-District, Kupang District; 2) to determine the priority problem faced by farmers in the cultivation of tomato crops at Oematnunu Village, West Kupang Sub-District, the District of Kupang. The research was carried out by the use of a survey method. The research location was determined purposively. In determining 43 farmers as the sample of this research, it was applied proportional random sampling from the population of 74 farmers cultivating tomato crops. To answer objective 1, data were analyzed by the use of quantitative descriptive statistics namely mean value and frequency, while to answer objective 2, data were analized by the use of guide according to McCaslin and Tibesinda cited by Hungawuwali (2016) The procedures of this guide are: (a) finding out the mean value of importance and ability score in the application of each aspect of tomato cultivation, (b) finding out the overall mean value of importance and ability score of tomato cultivation aspect, and (c) making a matrix of 2X2 which is formed by X axis and Y and straight line which is drawn through coordinate point and parallel with X axis and Y. Results of research indicated that : 1) characteristics of tomato cultivation technique applied by farmers in the research location was not in good category; and 2) the priority of problems faced by farmer in tomato cultivation at Oematnunu Village, West Kupang Sub-District, the District of Kupang is tomato cropps are attacked by disease and pest, meanwhile farmer’s ability in the application of eradication technique of disease and pest attacking tomato crops is in low level, while the level of importance in this technique is high level.

High-Level Organization of Motion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Anstis
Keyword(s):  
Straight Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
Static Cross

Some ambiguous patterns of flashed dots are equally likely to be seen as jumping horizontally or vertically. Priming dots can disambiguate this motion, showing that observers prefer to see straight-line rather than L-shaped motion. Pairs of dots that circle around each other can become perceptually linked into larger, global shapes including many such pairs. Moving backgrounds can distort moving dots so that their circular paths appear elliptical or even linear. Observers radically misperceive the sliding motions of rods (chopsticks) or rings that glide over each other. Finally, a moving background can strongly shift or distort a flashed-up static cross. This chapter discusses these concepts.

Formation of Cyclic Surfaces in Kinetic Geometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николай Сальков ◽  
Nikolay Sal'kov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
General Position ◽  
Space Curve ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Space Navigation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Cyclic Surfaces ◽  
Made In

This paper is an evolution of the "Kinematic Compliance of Rotating Spaces" paper, previously published in the "Geometry and Graphics" journal №1, 2013. A great many of mechanisms are making rotational movement, wherein rotating parts of one mechanism are "invading" into a rotation zone belonging to parts of another rotating mechanism. The challenge is to prevent the collision of rotating parts belonging to two or more details with each other. This problem is particularly sensitive for machine engineering. In space navigation, where, in principle, there are no objects that are at rest, the problem of satellites collision with astronomical bodies rotating around their axes is also the urgent one. Therefore, the theory of kinematic matching for rotating spaces R31 and R32 when they are moving independently from each other is urgent too. Each of two considered spaces may have a uniform or non-uniform movement in a given direction, a curved movement or a rotational movement around the axis specified for each space. In this paper has been considered the formation of cyclic surfaces obtained by rotation of one space relative to another one and different orientations of the generating line relative to the axes. Has been considered one of the options for rotating spaces, when their axes are parallel. In such a case the generating line is located in the following positions: it is straight and parallel to the axis; it is straight and intersects the axis; the rectilinear generator is in a plane that is parallel to the plane of the axes; the generating line is a straight line of general position; the generating line is a space curve. Has been demonstrated application of the rotating spaces theory in mining, chemical and machine tool industries, made in the form of inventions, confirmed by copyright certificates of the USSR.

Research on Straight-Line Extraction for Aerial Images

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Peng Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Canny Operator ◽  
Line Extraction ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gaussian Operator

Line and plane feature can provide more information than point feature, thus 3D reconstruction based on high-level features, such as line and plane, is an important development trend in Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision. Several methods for extracting straight line are researched, and the main procedures can be introduced as follows. Firstly, image is preprocessed by Wallis filtering that is used to enhance the image contrast and reduce the noise, so it is easy to extract more lines. Secondly, Laplacian of Gaussian operator (LoG) and Canny operator algorithms are compared to locate the edge by detecting discontinuity variation in image. Thirdly, Hough transform or perceptual organization based on hypothesis testing are compared and tested for combining and fitting fractured short line segments into a whole line. Lastly, the least square template matching algorithm (LSTM) is done to get higher precise (sub-pixel) located lines. In the experiment, different algorithms for straight line extraction of aerial images are realized and compared, in order to faster achieve richer and higher accurate straight line information, which can pave the way of image understanding and image matching.

scholarly journals KONSENTRASI SEDIMEN SUSPENSI PADA BELOKAN 57° SALURAN TERBUKA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ady Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sediment Suspension ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Data Value ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
High Level

Predicting the behavior of the flow in the channel turned quite important, because the channel has turned a fairly high level prone to water damage when compared with the straight line. A phenomenon that often occurs and causes kerugikan in turn channel is the sediment transport phenomena.The phenomenon that occurs in the channel turn can be detected by performing measurements directly in the field. For a case study of parent channel mataram, the research done by measurement of sediment concentration profiles using the tool opcon suspension. The study was conducted on curves that have the angle, α = 57 ° with r = 50 m. From the analysis of the measurements of the concentration of sediment suspensions carried out in an open channel with a bend 57 °, indicating that the concentration of sediment suspension had a trend which is almost equal to the entire face, ie the concentration of sediment suspension is increased toward the base line and decreasing toward the surface of the water with the trend of distribution more upright with values more uniform towards the water surface. In the transverse direction, the concentration of sediment suspension tends to increase toward the inside of the bend when passing through the initial turn, then decreases towards the inside of the bend as it passes through the middle of the turn, and again increased toward the inside of the bend as it passes through the final turn which resulted in the deposition on the inside of the turn ( inner bank) and erosion on the outer side of the bend (outer bank) on the basis of the channel. For the analysis of sediment suspension concentration field measurement results are compared with the analysis of the rouse equation and the equation tanaka-sugimoto show that enough measurement data can predict sediment concentration suspension on curves, although the angle and radius of the bend is varied. Suspension of sediment measurement data value is closer to the data analysis results rouse and tanaka-sugimoto. The results of the analysis of tanaka-sugimoto could provide better results than analysis rouse.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document