scholarly journals Plasticity and genetic adaptation mediate amphibian and reptile responses to climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Urban ◽  
Jonathan L. Richardson ◽  
Nicole A. Freidenfelds
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Adaptation

Community assembly processes restrict the capacity for genetic adaptation under climate change

Ecography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1174
Author(s):  
Karel Mokany ◽  
Alex Bush ◽  
Simon Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Genetic Adaptation

scholarly journals Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change: Potential and limitations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc De MEESTER ◽  
Robby STOKS ◽  
Kristien I. BRANS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Adaptation

Erfassung der adaptiven genetischen Variation der Eiche im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel | Assessment of adaptive genetic variation in oaks with relation to climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Wide Range

Climate change is projected to lead to a major reorganization of our forests. For example, higher annual mean temperatures, longer growth seasons and drier summers are predicted for many parts of central and southern Europe, and in North America. In order to understand the genetic adaptation to climate change we need a better understanding of the genetic regulation of key traits involved in tolerance of water and temperature stress. Oaks (Quercus spp.) are excellent model species to study the adaptation of forest trees to changing environments. They show a wide geographic distribution in Europe and in North America as dominant tree species in many forests growing under a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. With the availability of a growing amount of functional and expressional candidate genes we are now able to test the functional importance of genes by associating nucleotide variation in these genes with phenotypic variation in adaptive traits in segregating or natural populations. Studies trying to associate genetic variation with phenotypic variation in adaptive traits can be performed in full-sib families derived from controlled crosses (Quantitative Trait Loci [QTL] mapping) or in natural populations (association mapping). For several important adaptive traits QTL were mapped, the underlying genes have to be tested in natural populations. A future objective is to test whether genes that underlie phenotypic variation in adaptive traits are involved in local genetic adaptation and viability selection at the seedling stage, linked to reciprocal transplant experiments in order to assess the performance over climatic gradients.

scholarly journals Evolutionary trade-offs between baseline and plastic gene expression in two congeneric oyster species

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 20190202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guofan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Oyster Species ◽  
Trade Offs

Organismal responses to environmental stresses are a determinant of the effect of climate change. These can occur through the regulation of gene expression, involving genetic adaptation and plastic changes as evolutionary strategy. Heat shock protein ( hsp ) family genes are extensively expanded and play important roles in thermal adaptation in oysters. We investigated expression of all heat-responsive hsp s in two allopatric congeneric oyster species, Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata , which are respectively distributed along the northern and southern coasts of China, using common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments. Our results showed that hsp s in C. gigas have evolved higher basal levels of expression under ambient conditions at each field site, with lower expression plasticity in response to heat stress in comparison to C. angulata , which exhibited lower baseline expression but higher expression plasticity. This pattern was fixed regardless of environmental disturbance, potentially implying genetic assimilation. Our findings indicate divergent adaptive strategies with underlying evolutionary trade-offs between genetic adaptation and plasticity at the molecular level in two oyster congeners in the face of rapid climate change.

Will genetic adaptation of natural populations to chemical pollution result in lower or higher tolerance to future climate change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel AC De Schamphelaere ◽  
Stephen Glaholt ◽  
Jana Asselman ◽  
Marlies Messiaen ◽  
Dieter De Coninck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Genetic Adaptation

scholarly journals Strong transgenerational effects but no genetic adaptation in zooplankton 24 years after an abrupt +10°C climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antónia Juliana Pais-Costa ◽  
Eva J. P. Lievens ◽  
Stella Redón ◽  
Marta I. Sánchez ◽  
Roula Jabbour-Zahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Resurrection Ecology

AbstractThe climate is currently warming fast, threatening biodiversity all over the globe. Adaptation is often rapid when the environment changes quickly, but for climate warming very little evidence is available. Here, we investigate the pattern of adaptation to an extreme +10°C climate change in the wild, following the introduction of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana from San Francisco Bay, USA, to Vinh Chau saltern in Vietnam. We use a resurrection ecology approach, hatching diapause eggs from the ancestral population and the introduced population after 13 and 24 years (resp. ~54 and ~100 generations). In a series of coordinated experiments, we determined whether the introduced Artemia show increased tolerance to higher temperatures, and the extent to which genetic adaptation, developmental plasticity, transgenerational effects, and local microbiome differences contributed to this tolerance. We find that introduced brine shrimp do show increased phenotypic tolerance to warming. Yet strikingly, these changes do not have an additive genetic component, are not caused by mitochondrial genetic variation, and are not caused by epigenetic marks set by adult parents exposed to warming. Further, we do not find any developmental plasticity in response to warming, nor any protective effect of heat-tolerant local microbiota. We conclude that the evolution of shrimp’s extreme thermal tolerance is only due to transgenerational (great)grandparental effects, possibly epigenetic marks set by parents who were exposed to high temperatures as juveniles. This finding challenges standard models of genetic and plastic adaptive responses, and our conception of how species may cope with climate warming.Significance statementAdaptation is often rapid when environments change quickly, but for climate warming little evidence is available. Many studies report no genetic responses due to pre-existing plasticity, while others point towards epigenetics and microbiota effects. In this study, we take advantage of a natural experiment to study all of these effects. We use a set of coordinated experiments and a ‘resurrection ecology’ approach, reviving resting eggs of brine shrimp up to100 generations after their introduction from a temperate to a tropical saltern. We find that heat adaptation occurs, but heritability is fully “missing”. Plasticity and microbiota play no role either, indicating that only transgenerational (great)grandmaternal effects are involved. This finding prompts us to reconsider the relative importance of the different possible mechanisms by which phenotypic change can occur, especially in response to temperature variation.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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