scholarly journals Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten B. H. Reusch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Plastic Responses

scholarly journals Snapping Shrimp Pump Up the Volume in Warmer Water

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kornei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Snapping Shrimp

As the ocean warms because of climate change, the louder din could mask other marine animals’ calls used to navigate, forage, and find mates.

Towards integrated knowledge of climate change in Arctic marine systems: a systematic literature review of multidisciplinary research

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Falardeau ◽  
Elena M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change affects Arctic marine ecosystems, the ecosystem services they provide, and the human well-being that relies on these services. The impacts of climate change in the Arctic and elsewhere involve cascading effects and feedbacks that flow across social-ecological systems (SES), such as when sea ice loss alters food security through changes in the distribution of marine animals. These cascades and feedbacks across social and ecological systems can exacerbate the effects of climate change or lead to surprising outcomes. Identifying where cascades and feedbacks may occur in SES can help anticipate, or even prevent unexpected outcomes of climate change, and lead to improved policy responses. Here, we perform a systematic literature review of multidisciplinary Arctic research to determine the state of knowledge of the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. Then, in a case study corresponding to Inuit regions, we use network analysis to integrate research into a SES perspective and identify which linkages have been most versus least studied, and whether some potential cascades and feedbacks have been overlooked. Finally, we propose ways forward to advance knowledge of changing Arctic marine SES, including transdisciplinary approaches involving multiple disciplines and the collaboration of Indigenous and local knowledge holders.

scholarly journals Ocean planning for species on the move provides substantial benefits and requires few trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eabb8428
Author(s):  
M. L. Pinsky ◽  
L. A. Rogers ◽  
J. W. Morley ◽  
T. L. Frölicher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Area

Societies increasingly use multisector ocean planning as a tool to mitigate conflicts over space in the sea, but such plans can be highly sensitive to species redistribution driven by climate change or other factors. A key uncertainty is whether planning ahead for future species redistributions imposes high opportunity costs and sharp trade-offs against current ocean plans. Here, we use more than 10,000 projections for marine animals around North America to test the impact of climate-driven species redistributions on the ability of ocean plans to meet their goals. We show that planning for redistributions can substantially reduce exposure to risks from climate change with little additional area set aside and with few trade-offs against current ocean plan effectiveness. Networks of management areas are a key strategy. While climate change will severely disrupt many human activities, we find a strong benefit to proactively planning for long-term ocean change.

scholarly journals The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6529) ◽  
pp. eaba4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Lucille Chapuis ◽  
Shaun P. Collin ◽  
Daniel P. Costa ◽  
Reny P. Devassy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Resource Exploration ◽  
Multiple Levels

Oceans have become substantially noisier since the Industrial Revolution. Shipping, resource exploration, and infrastructure development have increased the anthrophony (sounds generated by human activities), whereas the biophony (sounds of biological origin) has been reduced by hunting, fishing, and habitat degradation. Climate change is affecting geophony (abiotic, natural sounds). Existing evidence shows that anthrophony affects marine animals at multiple levels, including their behavior, physiology, and, in extreme cases, survival. This should prompt management actions to deploy existing solutions to reduce noise levels in the ocean, thereby allowing marine animals to reestablish their use of ocean sound as a central ecological trait in a healthy ocean.

Solar UV radiation modulates animal health and pathogen prevalence in coastal habitats—knowledge gaps and implications for bivalve aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 653 ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
GF Kett ◽  
SC Culloty ◽  
SA Lynch ◽  
MAK Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Bivalve Aquaculture

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important environmental factor that can have an impact directly, or indirectly, on the health of organisms. UVR also has the potential to inactivate pathogens in surface waters. As a result, UVR can alter host-pathogen relationships. Bivalve species are threatened by various pathogens. Here, we assessed the impacts of UVR on (i) bivalves, (ii) bivalve pathogens and (iii) the bivalve host-pathogen relationship. UVR consistently impedes pathogens. However, the effect of UVR on marine animals is variable, with both positive and negative impacts. The limited available data allude to the potential to exploit natural UVR for disease management in aquaculture, but also highlight a striking knowledge gap and uncertainty relating to climate change.

scholarly journals Thermal tolerance, acclimatory capacity and vulnerability to global climate change

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Calosi ◽  
David T Bilton ◽  
John I Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Upper Thermal Tolerance

Despite evidence that organismal distributions are shifting in response to recent climatic warming, we have little information on direct links between species' physiology and vulnerability to climate change. We demonstrate a positive relationship between upper thermal tolerance and its acclimatory ability in a well-defined clade of closely related European diving beetles. We predict that species with the lowest tolerance to high temperatures will be most at risk from the adverse effects of future warming, since they have both low absolute thermal tolerance and poor acclimatory ability. Upper thermal tolerance is also positively related to species' geographical range size, meaning that species most at risk are already the most geographically restricted ones, being endemic to Mediterranean mountain systems. Our findings on the relationship between tolerance and acclimatory ability contrast with results from marine animals, suggesting that generalizations regarding thermal tolerance and responses to future rapid climate change may be premature.

scholarly journals Within- and Trans-Generational Environmental Adaptation to Climate Change: Perspectives and New Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim M. Bautista ◽  
Amélie Crespel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Population Maintenance ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Empirical Approaches

The current and projected impacts of climate change are shaped by unprecedented rates of change in environmental conditions. These changes likely mismatch the existing coping capacities of organisms within-generations and impose challenges for population resilience across generations. To better understand the impacts of projected scenarios of climate change on organismal fitness and population maintenance, it is crucial to consider and integrate the proximate sources of variability of plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change in future empirical approaches. Here we explore the implications of considering: (a) the variability in different time-scale events of climate change; (b) the variability in plastic responses from embryonic to adult developmental stages; (c) the importance of considering the species life-history traits; and (d) the influence of trans-generational effects for individual survival and population maintenance. Finally, we posit a list of future challenges with questions and approaches that will help to elucidate knowledge gaps, to better inform conservation and management actions in preserving ecosystems and biodiversity.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Warmer Temperatures Does Not Confer Resilience to Heatwaves in an Alpine Herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco F. Notarnicola ◽  
Adrienne B. Nicotra ◽  
Loeske E. B. Kruuk ◽  
Pieter A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Plastic Responses

Climate change is generating both sustained trends in average temperatures and higher frequency and intensity of extreme events. This poses a serious threat to biodiversity, especially in vulnerable environments, like alpine systems. Phenotypic plasticity is considered to be an adaptive mechanism to cope with climate change in situ, yet studies of the plastic responses of alpine plants to high temperature stress are scarce. Future weather extremes will occur against a background of warmer temperatures, but we do not know whether acclimation to warmer average temperatures confers tolerance to extreme heatwaves. Nor do we know whether populations on an elevational gradient differ in their tolerance or plasticity in response to warming and heatwave events. We investigated the responses of a suite of functional traits of an endemic Australian alpine herb, Wahlenbergia ceracea, to combinations of predicted future (warmer) temperatures and (relative) heatwaves. We also tested whether responses differed between high- vs. low-elevation populations. When grown under warmer temperatures, W. ceracea plants showed signs of acclimation by means of higher thermal tolerance (Tcrit, T50, and Tmax). They also invested more in flower production, despite showing a concurrent reduction in photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and suppression of seed production. Heatwaves reduced both photosynthetic efficiency and longevity. However, we found no evidence that acclimation to warmer temperatures conferred tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery to heatwaves. Instead, when exposed to heatwaves following warmer growth temperatures, plants had lower photosynthetic efficiency and underwent a severe reduction in seed production. High- and low-elevation populations and families exhibited limited genetic variation in trait means and plasticity in response to temperature. We conclude that W. ceracea shows some capacity to acclimate to warming conditions but there is no evidence that tolerance of warmer temperatures confers any resilience to heatwaves.

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