Size, sex and social experience: Experimental tests of multiple factors mediating contest behaviour in a rockpool fish

Daniel J. Colella; Kai C. Paijmans; Marian Y. L. Wong

doi:10.1111/eth.12861

Size, sex and social experience: Experimental tests of multiple factors mediating contest behaviour in a rockpool fish

Ethology ◽

10.1111/eth.12861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 369-379

Author(s):

Daniel J. Colella ◽

Kai C. Paijmans ◽

Marian Y. L. Wong

Keyword(s):

Experimental Tests ◽

Social Experience ◽

Multiple Factors ◽

Contest Behaviour

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Social Experience-Dependent Myelination: An Implication for Psychiatric Disorders

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2015/465345 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michihiro Toritsuka ◽

Manabu Makinodan ◽

Toshifumi Kishimoto

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Conduction Velocity ◽

Neuronal Activity ◽

Social Experience ◽

Multiple Factors ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Extracellular Molecules ◽

Activity Dependent

Myelination is one of the strategies to promote the conduction velocity of axons in order to adjust to evolving environment in vertebrates. It has been shown that myelin formation depends on genetic programing and experience, including multiple factors, intracellular and extracellular molecules, and neuronal activities. Recently, accumulating studies have shown that myelination in the central nervous system changes more dynamically in response to neuronal activities and experience than expected. Among experiences, social experience-dependent myelination draws attention as one of the critical pathobiologies of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of neuronal activity-dependent and social experience-dependent myelination and discuss the contribution of social experience-dependent myelination to the pathology of psychiatric disorders.

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Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2007.mayjun02 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 4-7

Author(s):

Charles N. Brooks ◽

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Body Position ◽

Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽

Time Curve ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Multiple Factors ◽

Bodily Injury ◽

Vehicle Collision ◽

Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

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Examining the Effects of I-Sharing for Future White-Black Interactions

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 125-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah E. Gaither ◽

Jessica D. Remedios ◽

Jennifer R. Schultz ◽

Keith B. Maddox ◽

Samuel R. Sommers

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Experience ◽

Positive Experience ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Future Directions ◽

Interracial Interaction ◽

Anxious Behavior

Abstract. Research shows that I-sharing, or sharing subjective experiences with an outgroup member, positively shapes attitudes toward that outgroup member. We investigated whether this type of social experience would also promote a positive interracial interaction with a novel outgroup member. Results showed that White and Black participants who I-shared with a racial outgroup member (vs. I-sharing with a racial ingroup member) expressed more liking toward that outgroup member. However, I-sharing with an outgroup member did not reduce anxious behavior in a future social interaction with a novel racial outgroup member. Therefore, although sharing subjective experiences may increase liking toward one individual from a racial outgroup, it remains to be seen whether this positive experience can influence behaviors in future interactions with other racial outgroup members. Future directions are discussed.

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