Tomato can be a latent carrier of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’, the causal agent of potato zebra chip disease

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
J. Nie ◽  
H. Arsenault ◽  
D. L. Hammill ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Latent Carrier

scholarly journals Translocation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the Zebra Chip Pathogen, in Potato and Tomato

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Levy ◽  
Aravind Ravindran ◽  
Dennis Gross ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy ◽  
Elizabeth Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Inoculation Access Period ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Zebra Chip disease is a serious threat to potato production. The pathogen, the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,’ is vectored by the potato and tomato psyllid Bactericerca cockerelli to potato and tomato. Patterns of pathogen translocation through phloem in potato and tomato plants were examined to determine whether rate or direction of translocation vary by host species or potato cultivars. Two insects were given a 7-day inoculation access period on a single leaf. Weekly, leaves from upper-, middle-, and lower-tier branches were tested for the presence of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In tomato and potato, ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was detected 2 to 3 weeks after infestation, most frequently in upper- and middle-tier leaves. In potato, the pathogen was detected in leaves on a second, noninfested stem when the stems remained joined via the tuber. Although rates of pathogen movement were similar among potato cultivars, symptoms developed earlier in more susceptible cultivars. Quantitative PCR indicated that bacterial titers were frequently low in tomato and potato samples (<20 genome units per nanogram of DNA). Results establish that, for improved detection, samples should include newly developing leaves and consider that, under low insect pressure, the pathogen may be undetectable by PCR until 3 weeks after infestation.

scholarly journals Effect of the level of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” infection on the development of zebra chip disease in different potato genotypes at harvest and post storage

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231973
Author(s):  
Regina K. Cruzado ◽  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
Richard G. Novy ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Identification of Tetraploid Potato Clones with Good Processing Quality among Genotypes with Reduced Zebra Chip Disease Symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-579
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Vigue ◽  
Douglas C. Scheuring ◽  
Jeffrey W. Koym ◽  
Charles M. Rush ◽  
Fekede Workneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Quality ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Tetraploid Potato ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease

scholarly journals Impact of potato psyllid density and timing of infestation on Zebra chip disease expression in potato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Feng ◽  
Zhao Zi-Hua ◽  
Jifon John ◽  
Liu Tong-Xian
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The impact of vector density and timing of infestation on potato were investigated. Healthy potato plants at different growth stages (4, 5, and 7 weeks after germination) were exposed separately to four different B. cockerelli densities (0, 5, 20, and 40 psyllids per cage) in field cages and Zebra chip (ZC) symptoms, leaf photosynthetic rates, tuber yield, and total nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and tubers of healthy and B. cockerelli-infested plants were monitored. Potato psyllid nymph and egg populations reached a seasonal peak at 6 weeks after the exposure to insect. Younger plants at 4-week growth stage after germination were more susceptible to B. cockerelli infestation and ZC expression than older plants. As few as five B. cockerelli adults were enough to transmit the ZC pathogen and cause ZC expression both in foliage and tuber. At the density of 20 psyllids per cage, more than 50% of plants showed ZC symptoms in tubers. Furthermore, B. cockerelli infestation reduced leaf photosynthesis rates (P<sub>n</sub>), resulting in less starch and more reducing sugars in tubers, and hence reduced tuber weight and yield, especially when psyllid infestation occurred at the early growth stages. The results indicate that early B. cockerelli infestation of younger plants was associated with more severe ZC expression in both foliage and tubers, leading to earlier dead plants. The data suggest that strategies for controlling B. cockerelli during early potato crop development could thus lessen the severity of ZC development.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Serralysin-Like Gene of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Associated with Potato Zebra Chip Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Ravindran ◽  
Panatda Saenkham ◽  
Julien Levy ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Type I ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Intact Proteins ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

The nonculturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is the causative agent of zebra chip disease in potato. Computational analysis of the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ genome revealed a serralysin-like gene based on conserved domains characteristic of genes encoding metalloprotease enzymes similar to serralysin. Serralysin and other serralysin family metalloprotease are typically characterized as virulence factors and are secreted by the type I secretion system (T1SS). The ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like gene is located next to and divergently transcribed from genes encoding a T1SS. Based on its relationship to the T1SS and the role of other serralysin family proteases in circumventing host antimicrobial defenses, it was speculated that a functional ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like protease could be a potent virulence factor. Gene expression analysis showed that, from weeks 2 to 6, the expression of the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like gene was at least twofold higher than week 1, indicating that gene expression stays high as the disease progresses. A previously constructed serralysin-deficient mutant of Serratia liquefaciens FK01, an endophyte associated with insects, as well as an Escherichia coli lacking serralysin production were used as surrogates for expression analysis of the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like gene. The LsoA and LsoB proteins were expressed as both intact proteins and chimeric S. liquefaciens-‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like proteins to facilitate secretion in the S. liquefaciens surrogate and as intact proteins or as a truncated LsoB protein containing just the putative catalytic domains in the E. coli surrogate. None of the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ protein constructs expressed in either surrogate demonstrated proteolytic activity in skim milk or zymogram assays, or in colorimetric assays using purified protein, suggesting that the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ serralysin-like gene does not encode a functional protease, or at least not in our surrogate systems.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance of Potato Psyllid Haplotypes in Southern Idaho Potato Fields During 2012 to 2015, and Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Causing Zebra Chip Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dahan ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Brandon Thompson ◽  
Sahar Eid ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Industry ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Zebra chip (ZC) disease, a serious threat to the potato industry, is caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). Five haplotypes (hapA to hapE) of this pathogen have been described so far in different crops, with only hapA and hapB being associated with ZC in potato. Both haplotypes are vectored and transmitted to a variety of solanaceaeous plants by the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc). Psyllids are native to North America, and four haplotypes have been identified and named based on their predominant geographic association: Northwestern, Central, Western, and Southwestern. Although all psyllid haplotypes have been found in southern Idaho potato fields, data on relative haplotype abundances and dynamic changes in the fields over time have not previously been reported. Here, psyllid samples collected in Idaho potato fields from 2012 to 2015 were used to clarify spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and abundance of psyllid and Lso haplotypes. A shift from hapA toward hapB population of Lso was revealed during these four seasons, indicating possible evolution of Lso in Idaho fields. Although we confirmed that Western psyllids were the most abundant by far during the four seasons of observation, we also observed changes in abundance of other haplotypes, including increased diversity of psyllid haplotypes during 2015. Seasonal changes observed for the Northwestern and Central haplotypes could potentially be linked to psyllid migration and/or habitat changes. South-central Idaho exhibited more diversity in psyllid haplotypes than southwestern Idaho.

Evidence that Cell Death is Associated with Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Tubers

2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey P. Miles ◽  
Marcus A. Samuel ◽  
Jianchi Chen ◽  
Edwin L. Civerolo ◽  
Joseph E. Munyaneza
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease
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