Effects of different secondary metabolite profiles in plant defense syndromes on specialist and generalist herbivores

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Okamura ◽  
Yuji Sawada ◽  
Masami Yokota Hirai ◽  
Masashi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Generalist Herbivores ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Defense Syndromes

scholarly journals Chitin Degradation Machinery and Secondary Metabolite Profiles in the Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas rubra S4059

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Xiyan Wang ◽  
Thomas Isbrandt ◽  
Mikael Lenz Strube ◽  
Sara Skøtt Paulsen ◽  
Maike Wennekers Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Chitin Degradation ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Rubra

Genome mining of pigmented Pseudoalteromonas has revealed a large potential for the production of bioactive compounds and hydrolytic enzymes. The purpose of the present study was to explore this bioactivity potential in a potent antibiotic and enzyme producer, Pseudoalteromonas rubra strain S4059. Proteomic analyses (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023249) indicated that a highly efficient chitin degradation machinery was present in the red-pigmented P. rubra S4059 when grown on chitin. Four GH18 chitinases and two GH20 hexosaminidases were significantly upregulated under these conditions. GH19 chitinases, which are not common in bacteria, are consistently found in pigmented Pseudoalteromonas, and in S4059, GH19 was only detected when the bacterium was grown on chitin. To explore the possible role of GH19 in pigmented Pseudoalteromonas, we developed a protocol for genetic manipulation of S4059 and deleted the GH19 chitinase, and compared phenotypes of the mutant and wild type. However, none of the chitin degrading ability, secondary metabolite profile, or biofilm-forming capacity was affected by GH19 deletion. In conclusion, we developed a genetic manipulation protocol that can be used to unravel the bioactive potential of pigmented pseudoalteromonads. An efficient chitinolytic enzyme cocktail was identified in S4059, suggesting that this strain could be a candidate with industrial potential.

scholarly journals Different Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Phylogenetically almost Identical Streptomyces griseus Strains Originating from Geographically Remote Locations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Sottorff ◽  
Jutta Wiese ◽  
Matthias Lipfert ◽  
Nils Preußke ◽  
Frank D. Sönnichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

As Streptomyces have shown an outstanding capacity for drug production, different campaigns in geographically distant locations currently aim to isolate new antibiotic producers. However, many of these newly isolated Streptomyces strains are classified as identical to already described species. Nevertheless, as discrepancies in terms of secondary metabolites and morphology are possible, we compared two Streptomyces strains with identical 16S rRNA gene sequences but geographically distant origins. Chosen were an Easter Island Streptomyces isolate (Streptomyces sp. SN25_8.1) and the next related type strain, which is Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus DSM 40236T isolated from Russian garden soil. Compared traits included phylogenetic relatedness based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, macro and microscopic morphology, antibiotic activity and secondary metabolite profiles. Both Streptomyces strains shared several common features, such as morphology and core secondary metabolite production. They revealed differences in pigmentation and in the production of accessory secondary metabolites which appear to be strain-specific. In conclusion, despite identical 16S rRNA classification Streptomyces strains can present different secondary metabolite profiles and may well be valuable for consideration in processes for drug discovery.

A new endophytic insect-associated Daldinia species, recognised from a comparison of secondary metabolite profiles and molecular phylogeny

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Pažoutová ◽  
Stefanie Follert ◽  
Jens Bitzer ◽  
Matthias Keck ◽  
Frank Surup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

scholarly journals Pod Morphology, Primary and Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Non-grafted and Grafted Carob Germplasm Are Configured by Agro-Environmental Zone, Genotype, and Growing Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos C. Kyratzis ◽  
Chrystalla Antoniou ◽  
Lambros C. Papayiannis ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Carob Pod ◽  
The Impact

Carob is a predominantly rainfed tree crop of high nutritive value and a long history of adaptation to the edaphoclimatic stress conditions of the Mediterranean. However, declining attention to the carob tree in recent decades has aggravated genetic erosion. The extant in situ germplasm varies both in terms of pod morphology and composition, reflecting the genetic and physiological divide chiefly among grafted and non-grafted material, and possibly the impact of variable agro-environments. Accordingly, the present study aimed to establish a systematic categorization of the genetic and phenotypic diversity encountered across carob germplasm identified in situ throughout Cyprus, a historical center of production and genetic diversity for the species. Linking pod morphology, primary and secondary metabolite profiles with genotyped source material originating in different agro-environments and crop seasons would provide a framework for interpreting (a) the interaction of these factors in configuring carob pod physicochemical constitution, and (b) the relative stability of phenotypic traits against environmental and seasonal variation. Microsatellite analysis discriminated 36 genotypes out of the 124 trees located in nine traditional agro-environmental zones and revealed low genetic diversity within the grafted germplasm. Two landraces were identified: “Tillyria,” which is widespread and predominant, and “Kountourka,” which is mainly localized to the northeastern peninsula of Karpasia. Morphological traits, such as seeds-to-pod weight ratio, pod width and thickness were principally under genetic control. Contrarily, compositional traits, particularly total phenolic content—including condensed tannins, in vitro antioxidant capacity and to a lesser extent gallic acid, organic acids and minerals were under agro-environmental control. Agro-environmental zone also modulated principally fructose and glucose; sucrose was modulated equally by genotype and agro-environment, while total sugars were under genetic control. Statistically significant differences between seasons were detected for all traits except for the seeds-to-pod weight ratio, pod length and width. Hierarchical cluster analysis corroborates that Cyprus may be divided into two major agro-environmental zones modulating the compositional properties of the carob pulp. The present study provides a comprehensive insight into the extant carob genetic resources of Cyprus and advances our understanding of how genetic, agro-environmental and seasonal factors interact in shaping carob pod morphology and composition.

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