scholarly journals Individual variation in behavioural responsiveness to humans leads to differences in breeding success and long-term population phenotypic changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Arroyo ◽  
François Mougeot ◽  
Vincent Bretagnolle
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Changes

scholarly journals Productivity of Ospreys, Pandion haliaetus, Affected by Water Levels Near Loon Lake, Saskatchewan, 1975-2002

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
C. Stuart Houston ◽  
Frank Scott ◽  
Rob B. Tether
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
The West ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Town ◽  
Western Half ◽  
Eastern Half

Between 1975 and 2002, diminished breeding success of Ospreys was associated with drought and falling lake levels in the western half of our study area near the town of Loon Lake, west-central Saskatchewan. Only 46% of nest attempts were successful in the west compared to 72% in the east, producing 0.88 young per accessible nest in the west and 1.42 in the east. Breeding success was greater in the eastern half, where water levels were stable, in spite of increased human use of the resort lakes there. Our unique long-term Canadian data base results support Ogden's 1977 prediction that Osprey productivity may decrease when water levels drop and fish populations are reduced.

Long-term data indicates that supplementary food enhances the number of breeding pairs in a Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres colony

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANA G. SCHABO ◽  
SONJA HEUNER ◽  
MICHAEL V. NEETHLING ◽  
SASCHA RÖSNER ◽  
ROGER UYS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Vulture Conservation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Term Data

SummaryThe number of vultures is declining in many parts of the world due to numerous threats, such as poisoning and collisions with power-lines as well as the lack of adequate food sources. Vulture restaurants, i.e. supplementary feeding stations, have become a widespread conservation tool aimed at supporting vulture colonies. However, it is poorly understood how vulture restaurants influence population dynamics and whether they affect breeding success of vulture populations. We used a 12-year dataset from a breeding colony of the Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres and a nearby vulture restaurant in South Africa to investigate the effect of supplementary food on population dynamics and breeding success. We found a significantly positive effect of supplementary food during the nest-building stage on the number of breeding pairs. However, breeding success, i.e. the proportion of successful nests, did not depend on supplementary food during the incubation and rearing stage. Especially during the critical rearing stage, the amount of food supplied might not have been sufficient to meet food demands of the colony. Still, our results indicate that carefully managed vulture restaurants might stabilise vulture colonies and can therefore aid vulture conservation.

The effect of an indirect anthelmintic treatment on parasites and breeding success of free-living pheasantsPhasianus colchicus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.H. Draycott ◽  
M.I.A. Woodburn ◽  
D.E. Ling ◽  
R.B. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

AbstractIn Great Britain free-living common pheasantsPhasianus colchicusare often managed at high densities owing to their popularity as a quarry species. They are prone to infection by a range of parasite species includingHeterakis gallinarum,Capillariaspp. andSyngamus trachea. In 1995 the efficacy of an indirect anthelmintic technique for controlling parasitic worm burdens of pheasants was determined in a pilot study on a shooting estate in the south of England. Between 2000 and 2003 a large-scale field experiment was conducted on nine estates in eastern England to determine the effect of the technique on parasite burden and pheasant breeding success. In the absence of anthelmintic treatment worm burdens increased rapidly through March and April, whereas birds given anthelmintic-treated grain had lower worm burdens during the same period. The breeding success of pheasants was significantly higher on plots provided with anthelmintic treatment, although no long-term increases in population densities were observed. The burdens of the most common parasiteH. gallinarumwere significantly lower in pheasants from treatment plots six weeks after the anthelmintic treatment had ceased, but spring treatment did not influence parasite burden in the following winter.

Mortality and breeding failure of little penguins, Eudyptula minor, in Victoria, 1995 - 96, following a widespread mortality of pilchard, Sardinops sagax

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dann ◽  
F. I. Norman ◽  
J. M. Cullen ◽  
F. J. Neira ◽  
A. Chiaradia
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breeding Failure ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasitism ◽  
Western Victoria

In May 1995, numbers of little penguins, Eudyptula minor, coming ashore declined at Phillip Island and St Kilda concurrently with deaths of many penguins in western Victoria and a massive mortality of one of their food species (pilchard) throughout southern Australia. Among 1926 dead penguins reported were 131 banded birdsrecovered from Phillip Island (86% adults and 14% first-year birds), 26 from Rabbit Island and six from St Kilda. The number of banded penguins found dead per number of adult Phillip Island birds at risk was 2.3% in 1995 compared with an annual mean of 0.7% for 1970–93. Of 29 corpses autopsied, at least 26 died of starvation associated with mild–severe gastro-intestinal parasitism. Following the pilchard mortality, egg-laying by penguins in the subsequent breeding season (1995–96) was ~2 weeks later than the long-term mean and 0.3 chicks were fledged per pair compared with the long-term mean of 1.0. Unlike previous years, few penguins were recorded in Port Phillip Bay in September–October 1995, a period when pilchard schools were infrequently seen. It is concluded that the increase in penguin mortality in northern Bass Strait and the significant reduction in breeding success were associated with the widespread pilchard mortality.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of phenotypic changes in early domestication of house mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 172099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Geiger ◽  
Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra ◽  
Anna K. Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Term Data

Similar phenotypic changes occur across many species as a result of domestication, e.g. in pigmentation and snout size. Experimental studies of domestication have concentrated on intense and directed selection regimes, while conditions that approximate the commensal and indirect interactions with humans have not been explored. We examine long-term data on a free-living population of wild house mice that have been indirectly selected for tameness by regular exposure to humans. In the course of a decade, this mouse population exhibited significantly increased occurrence of white patches of fur and decreased head length. These phenotypic changes fit to the predictions of the ‘domestication syndrome'.

Circadian variation of holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC) and related markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Mette Hvas ◽  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Ebba Nexo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Blood Samples

AbstractWe examined the circadian variation of holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC), total transcobalamin (total TC) and plasma cobalamins, and the association between food intake and fluctuations in the biochemical markers. A total of 17 healthy women (mean age 33years; range 24–40) participated. The subjects were admitted at 08:00h after an overnight fast, and blood samples were obtained every 20min for 24h from 12:00h. Holo-TC and total TC were measured by an ELISA, and plasma cobalamins were measured by a routine method (Centaur, Bayer). All subjects, except one, had 12:00h levels within the reference interval for all variables studied, and all subjects had normal renal function as judged from plasma creatinine. We found a small intra-individual variation (12%, 10%, 10%) and a considerable inter-individual variation (56%, 26%, 43%) in the level of holo-TC, total TC and plasma cobalamins, respectively. During the night, the absolute values of all components decreased, as did plasma albumin. There was no systematic association between intake of food and fluctuation of the biochemical markers. In conclusion, we found no significant circadian variation in serum holo-TC in healthy vitamin-replete subjects on a standard diet. This supports the view that holo-TC is a marker of long-term vitamin B

Inter-annual variability and long-term trends in breeding success in a declining population of migratory swans

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Wood ◽  
Julia L. Newth ◽  
Geoff M. Hilton ◽  
Bart A. Nolet ◽  
Eileen C. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Long Term Trends
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