Can industrial by-products enhance phosphorus retention within vegetated buffer strips?

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Habibiandehkordi ◽  
J. N. Quinton ◽  
B. W. J. Surridge
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Edge-of-Field Technologies for Phosphorus Retention from Agricultural Drainage Discharge

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipe Renato Dantas Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Subsurface Drains

Agriculture is often responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters due to the loss of phosphorus—a normally limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems. Tile-drained agricultural catchments tend to increase this problem by accelerating the transport of phosphorus through subsurface drains both in dissolved (reactive and organic phosphorus) and particulate (particle-bound phosphorus) forms. The reduction of excess phosphorus loads from agricultural catchments prior to reaching downstream surface waters is therefore necessary. Edge-of-field technologies have been investigated, developed and implemented in areas with excess phosphorus losses to receive and treat the drainage discharge, when measures at the farm-scale are not able to sufficiently reduce the loads. The implementation of these technologies shall base on the phosphorus dynamics of specific catchments (e.g., phosphorus load and dominant phosphorus form) in order to ensure that local retention goals are met. Widely accepted technologies include constructed wetlands, restored wetlands, vegetated buffer strips and filter materials. These have demonstrated a large variability in the retention of phosphorus, and results from the literature can help targeting specific catchment conditions with suitable technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the currently used edge-of-field technologies for phosphorus retention in tile-drained catchments, with great focus on performance, application and limitations.

Phosphorus Retention and Remobilization in Vegetated Buffer Strips: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Roberts ◽  
Marc I. Stutter ◽  
Philip M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Buffer Strips

Runoff phosphorus retention in vegetated field margins on flat landscapes

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Sheppard ◽  
M I Sheppard ◽  
J. Long ◽  
B. Sanipelli ◽  
J. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Vegetated Filter Strips ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Flow Through

Vegetated buffer strips (VBS) are often recommended as a management practice that farmers can use to help mitigate the environmental effects of runoff from agricultural fields. Previous research has shown that VBS can be effective at trapping phosphorus (P) and other farm-sourced environmental contaminants. This project measured the effectiveness of established vegetated strips at decreasing P in runoff from agricultural fields in Manitoba. Paired samples of runoff, taken at the field edge and in the vegetated strip, indicated that in 11 of the 22 cases sampled (50%), P concentrations in the runoff decreased (on average 30%) as the flow passed through the vegetated strip. In 7 of the 22 case (32%) there was no difference; however, in four of the 22 cases (18%), runoff P concentrations increased, indicating the vegetated strip had become a source of runoff P. Soil samples from the VBS showed high available P concentrations at positions within the vegetated strip along the runoff flow path, and in 7 of 10 cases these concentrations were higher (33% on average) than in the field soil. Although the observations and numerical results suggest that VBS can be effective at removing P in runoff, perhaps the major limitation in this flat-land region is that runoff tends to flow through rather small portions of the VBS, and these may not have sufficient capacity to retain the runoff P in the longer term. Key words: Vegetated filter strips, VBS, VFS, manure, soluble, particulate, ortho, riparian

Enhancing soluble phosphorus removal within buffer strips using industrial by-products

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 12257-12269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Habibiandehkordi ◽  
John N. Quinton ◽  
Ben W. J. Surridge
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Dissolved Phosphorus Retention in Buffer Strips: Influence of Slope and Soil Type

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1216-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Darch ◽  
A. Carswell ◽  
M. S. A. Blackwell ◽  
J. M. B. Hawkins ◽  
P. M. Haygarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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