GEVI cell‐type specific labelling and a manifold learning approach provide evidence for lateral inhibition at the population level in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Nakajima ◽  
Nikolaos Laskaris ◽  
Jun Kyu Rhee ◽  
Bradley J. Baker ◽  
Efstratios K. Kosmidis
Keyword(s):  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Area ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Ca1 Area ◽  
Specific Labelling

scholarly journals Oxytocin protects neurons from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission in neonatal rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1909-1914
Author(s):  
Linhua Xiang ◽  
Rong Wu ◽  
Kangling Liu ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Area ◽  
Ca1 Area

Purpose: To study the protective effect of oxytocin on hypoxic-ischemic brain neuron injury in neonatal rats, and the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Hippocampal slices from neonatal SD rats were cultured in oxygen/glucose-deprived (OGD) solution, leading to establishment of hypoxic-ischemic model of hippocampal slices in vitro. The slices were assigned to 3 groups: control (ACSF solution), model (OGD solution), and oxytocin (OGD solution + 1 μM oxytocin). The effect of oxytocin on vertebral neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of HIBD rats was determined using TOPRO-3 staining, while the effects of oxytocin on hypoxic depolarization (AD) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (iPSCs) were measured by cell patch clamp technique.Results: The fluorescence intensity of vertebral lamina in hippocampal CA1 area of model group was significantly higher than that of control group, while the corresponding value for oxytocin group was significantly lower than that of model group (p < 0.05). The time lapse before occurrence of AD in hippocampal CA1 area was significantly longer in oxytocin group than in model group, while the time lapse before neuronal AD in oxytocin receptor antagonist group was lower than that in oxytocin group. The frequency and amplitude of iPSCs in oxytocin group were markedly higher than the corresponding control values.Conclusion: Oxytocin exerts protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain neuronal damage in neonatal rats by regulating the activation of oxytocin receptor and GABA receptor, and inhibiting nerve transmission. These findings may be of benefit in the development of a suitable therapy for HIBD.

scholarly journals Transcribed enhancers in the human brain identify novel disease risk mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Dong ◽  
Gabriel E. Hoffman ◽  
Pasha Apontes ◽  
Jaroslav Bendl ◽  
Samir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) constitute an important tissue- and cell-type-specific layer of the regulome. Identification of risk variants for neuropsychiatric diseases within enhancers underscores the importance of understanding the population-level variation of eRNAs in the human brain. We jointly analyzed cell type-specific transcriptome and regulome data to identify 30,795 neuronal and 23,265 non-neuronal eRNAs, expanding the catalog of known human brain eRNAs by an order of magnitude. Examination of the population-level variation of the transcriptome and regulome in 1,382 brain samples identified reproducible changes affecting cis- and trans-co-regulation of eRNA-gene modules in schizophrenia. We show that 13% of schizophrenia heritability is jointly mediated in cis by brain gene and eRNA expression. Inclusion of eRNAs in transcriptome-wide association studies facilitated fine-mapping and functional interpretation of disease loci. Overall, our study characterizes the eRNA-gene regulome and genetic mechanisms in the human cortex in both healthy and disease states.

Lipopolysaccharide inhibits induction of long-term potentiation and depression in the rat hippocampal CA1 area

2001 ◽  
Vol 422 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hoon Jo ◽  
Eun-Jin Park ◽  
Jae-Kwang Lee ◽  
Min-Whan Jung ◽  
Chang-Joong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Area ◽  
Ca1 Area

scholarly journals Protective Effects of a New C-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitor in the Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Plotnikov ◽  
Galina A. Chernysheva ◽  
Oleg I. Aliev ◽  
Vera I. Smol’iakova ◽  
Tatiana I. Fomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Area ◽  
Ca1 Area ◽  
The Brain

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by various brain insults and is implicated in neuronal injury triggered by reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. Some JNK inhibitors demonstrated neuroprotective potential in various models, including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of the present work was to study the neuroprotective activity of a new specific JNK inhibitor, IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt), in the model of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats compared with citicoline (cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine), a drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and to search for pleiotropic mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of IQ-1S. The experiments were performed in a rat model of ischemic stroke with three-vessel occlusion (model of 3VO) affecting the brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery, and the left common carotid artery. After 7-min episode of GCI in rats, 25% of animals died, whereas survived animals had severe neurological deficit at days 1, 3, and 5 after GCI. At day 5 after GCI, we observing massive loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, increase in lipid peroxidation products in the brain tissue, and decrease in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in the parietal cortex. Moreover, blood hyperviscosity syndrome and endothelial dysfunction were found after GCI. Administration of IQ-1S (intragastrically at a dose 50 mg/kg daily for 5 days) was associated with neuroprotective effect comparable with the effect of citicoline (intraperitoneal at a dose of 500 mg/kg, daily for 5 days).The neuroprotective effect was accompanied by a decrease in the number of animals with severe neurological deficit, an increase in the number of animals with moderate degree of neurological deficit compared with control GCI group, and an increase in the number of unaltered neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area along with a significant decrease in the number of neurons with irreversible morphological damage. In rats with IQ-1S administration, the LCBF was significantly higher (by 60%) compared with that in the GCI control. Treatment with IQ-1S also decreases blood viscosity and endothelial dysfunction. A concentration-dependent decrease (IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.3 μM) of tone in isolated carotid arterial rings constricted with phenylephrine was observed after IQ-1S application in vitro. We also found that IQ-1S decreased the intensity of the lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue in rats with GCI. 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging for IQ-1S in acetonitrile and acetone exceeded the corresponding values for ionol, a known antioxidant. Overall, these results suggest that the neuroprotective properties of IQ-1S may be mediated by improvement of cerebral microcirculation due to the enhanced vasorelaxation, beneficial effects on blood viscosity, attenuation of the endothelial dysfunction, and antioxidant/antiradical IQ-1S activity.

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