scholarly journals Functional neurochemical imaging of the human striatal cholinergic system during reversal learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Michael Lindner ◽  
Paul Gerald Mullins ◽  
Anastasia Christakou
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Striatal Cholinergic System

scholarly journals Dissociable roles for the striatal cholinergic system in different flexibility contexts.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Williams ◽  
Anastasia Christakou
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Behavioural Flexibility ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rate Of Learning ◽  
Striatal Cholinergic System

The production of behavioural flexibility requires the coordination and integration of information from across the brain, by the dorsal striatum. In particular, the striatal cholinergic system is thought to be important for the modulation of striatal activity. Research from animal literature has shown that chemical inactivation of the dorsal striatum leads to impairments in reversal learning. Furthermore, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy work has shown that the striatal cholinergic system is also important for reversal learning in humans. Here, we aim to assess whether the state of the dorsal striatal cholinergic system at rest is related to flexible behaviour in reversal learning. We provide preliminary results showing that variability in choline in the dorsal striatum is significantly related to both the number perseverative and regressive errors that participants make, and their rate of learning from positive and negative prediction errors. These findings, in line with previous work, suggest the resting state of dorsal striatal cholinergic system has important implications for producing flexible behaviour. However, these results also suggest the system may have heterogeneous functionality across different types of tasks measuring behavioural flexibility. These findings provide a starting point for further interrogation into understanding the functional role of the striatal cholinergic system in flexibility.

scholarly journals Regional Striatal Cholinergic Involvement in Human Behavioural Flexibility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Michael Lindner ◽  
Angela Langdon ◽  
Paul Gerald Mullins ◽  
Anastasia Christakou
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Behavioural Flexibility ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Negative Prediction ◽  
Striatal Cholinergic System

ABSTRACTAnimal studies have shown that the striatal cholinergic system plays a role in behavioural flexibility but, until recently, this system could not be studied in humans due to a lack of appropriate non-invasive techniques. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) we recently showed that the concentration of dorsal striatal choline (an acetylcholine precursor) changes during reversal learning (a measure of behavioural flexibility) in humans. The aim of the present study was to examine whether regional average striatal choline was associated with reversal learning. 36 participants (mean age = 24.8, range = 18-32, 20 female) performed a probabilistic learning task with a reversal component. We measured choline at rest in both the dorsal and ventral striatum using 1H-MRS. Task performance was described using a simple reinforcement learning model that dissociates the contributions of positive and negative prediction errors to learning. Average levels of choline in the dorsal striatum were associated with performance during reversal, but not during initial learning. Specifically, lower levels of choline in the dorsal striatum were associated with a lower number of perseverative trials. Moreover, choline levels explained inter-individual variance in perseveration over and above that explained by learning from negative prediction errors. These findings suggest that the dorsal striatal cholinergic system plays an important role in behavioural flexibility, in line with evidence from the animal literature and our previous work in humans. Additionally, this work provides further support for the idea of measuring choline with 1H-MRS as a non-invasive way of studying human cholinergic neurochemistry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBehavioural flexibility is a crucial component of adaptation and survival. Evidence from the animal literature shows the striatal cholinergic system is fundamental to reversal learning, a key paradigm for studying behavioural flexibility, however, this system remains understudied in humans. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we showed that choline levels at rest in the dorsal striatum are associated with performance specifically during reversal learning. These novel findings help to bridge the gap between animal and human studies by demonstrating the importance of cholinergic function in the dorsal striatum in human behavioural flexibility. Importantly, the methods described here can not only be applied to furthering our understanding of healthy human neurochemistry, but also to extending our understanding of cholinergic disorders.

scholarly journals The striatal cholinergic system in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. A. Perez ◽  
T. Bordia ◽  
M. Quik
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Striatal Cholinergic System

Effects of dopaminergic receptor agonists and antagonists on the activity of the neo-striatal cholinergic system

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Guyenet ◽  
Y. Agid ◽  
F. Javoy ◽  
J.C. Beaujouan ◽  
J. Rossier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Dopaminergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Receptor Agonists And Antagonists ◽  
Striatal Cholinergic System

Reversal learning in youth with generalized anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace K. Cushman ◽  
Megan E. Puzia ◽  
Alexandra B. Weissman ◽  
Ezra Wegbreit ◽  
Kerri L. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Generalized Anxiety
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