scholarly journals Audio-visual multisensory training enhances visual processing of motion stimuli in healthy participants: an electrophysiological study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2748-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Grasso ◽  
Mariagrazia Benassi ◽  
Elisabetta Làdavas ◽  
Caterina Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Multisensory Training ◽  
Healthy Participants

scholarly journals Genetically predicted complement component 4A expression: effects on memory function and middle temporal lobe activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Donohoe ◽  
J. Holland ◽  
D. Mothersill ◽  
S. McCarthy-Jones ◽  
D. Cosgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractBackgroundThe longstanding association between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and schizophrenia (SZ) risk has recently been accounted for, partially, by structural variation at the complement component 4 (C4) gene. This structural variation generates varying levels ofC4RNA expression, and genetic information from the MHC region can now be used to predictC4RNA expression in the brain. Increased predictedC4ARNA expression is associated with the risk of SZ, andC4is reported to influence synaptic pruning in animal models.MethodsBased on our previous studies associating MHC SZ risk variants with poorer memory performance, we tested whether increased predictedC4ARNA expression was associated with reduced memory function in a large (n= 1238) dataset of psychosis cases and healthy participants, and with altered task-dependent cortical activation in a subset of these samples.ResultsWe observed that increased predictedC4ARNA expression predicted poorer performance on measures of memory recall (p= 0.016, corrected). Furthermore, in healthy participants, we found that increased predictedC4ARNA expression was associated with a pattern of reduced cortical activity in middle temporal cortex during a measure of visual processing (p< 0.05, corrected).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the effects ofC4on cognition were observable at both a cortical and behavioural level, and may represent one mechanism by which illness risk is mediated. As such, deficits in learning and memory may represent a therapeutic target for new molecular developments aimed at alteringC4’s developmental role.

Role of the occipito-temporal theta rhythm in hand visual identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Moreau ◽  
Eleonora Parrotta ◽  
Vanessa Era ◽  
Maria Luisa Martelli ◽  
Matteo Candidi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Healthy Participants

Neuroimaging and EEG studies have shown that passive observation of the full body and of specific body parts is associated with 1) activity of an occipito-temporal region named the extrastriate body area (EBA), 2) amplitude modulations of a specific posterior event-related potential (ERP) component (N1/N190), and 3) a theta-band (4–7 Hz) synchronization recorded from occipito-temporal electrodes compatible with the location of EBA. To characterize the functional role of the occipito-temporal theta-band increase during the processing of body-part stimuli, we recorded EEG from healthy participants while they were engaged in an identification task (match-to-sample) of images of hands and nonbody control images (leaves). In addition to confirming that occipito-temporal electrodes show a larger N1 for hand images compared with control stimuli, cluster-based analysis revealed an occipito-temporal cluster showing an increased theta power when hands are presented (compared with leaves) and show that this theta increase is higher for identified hands compared with nonidentified ones while not being significantly different between not identified nonhand stimuli. Finally, single trial multivariate pattern analysis revealed that time-frequency modulation in the theta band is a better marker for classifying the identification of hand images than the ERP modulation. The present results support the notion that theta activity over the occipito-temporal cortex is an informative marker of hand visual processing and may reflect the activity of a network coding for stimulus identity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hands provide crucial information regarding the identity of others, which is a key information for social processes. We recorded EEG activity of healthy participants during the visual identification of hand images. The combination of univariate and multivariate pattern analysis in time- and time-frequency domain highlights the functional role of theta (4–7 Hz) activity over visual areas during hand identification and emphasizes the robustness of this neuromarker in occipito-temporal visual processing dynamics.

An electrophysiological study of visual processing in Alzheimer's disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gastone G. Celesia ◽  
Alessandro E.P. Villa ◽  
Mitchell Brigell ◽  
Guido Rubboli ◽  
Gastone Bolcioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Study

W7.3 Electrophysiological study of visual processing in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. S23
Author(s):  
J. Kremlacek ◽  
M. Valis ◽  
J. Masopust ◽  
A. Urban ◽  
A. Zumrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2

scholarly journals Mechanisms Underlying Unconscious Processing and Their Alterations in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Neuroimaging of Zero Monetary Outcomes Contextually Framed as “No Losses” vs. “No Gains”

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Elman ◽  
Jaymin Upadhyay ◽  
Steven Lowen ◽  
Keerthana Karunakaran ◽  
Mark Albanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Healthy Participants

Although unconscious processing is a key element of mental operation, its neural correlates have not been established. Also, clinical observations suggest that unconscious processing may be involved in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such impairments remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing by healthy participants and to determine whether these mechanisms may be altered in PTSD patients. Twenty patients with PTSD and 27 healthy individuals were administered a validated wheel of fortune-type gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Unconscious processing was elicited using unconscious contextual framing of the zero monetary outcomes as “no loss,” “no gain” or as “neutral.” Brief passive visual processing of the “no loss” vs. “no gain” contrast by healthy participants yielded bilateral frontal-, temporal- and insular cortices and striatal activations. Between-group comparison revealed smaller activity in the left anterior prefrontal-, left dorsolateral prefrontal-, right temporal- and right insular cortices and in bilateral striatum in PTSD patients with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity been more pronounced in those with greater PTSD severity. These observations implicate frontal-, temporal-, and insular cortices along with the striatum in the putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing of the monetary outcomes. Additionally, our results support the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with primary cortical and subcortical alterations involved in the above processes and that these alterations may be related to some aspects of PTSD symptomatology.

An Electrophysiological Study of Visual Processing in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kremlacek ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
Jiri Masopust ◽  
Ales Urban ◽  
Alena Zumrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2

scholarly journals Photobiological Neuromodulation of Resting-State EEG and Steady-State Visual-Evoked Potentials by 40 Hz Violet Light Optical Stimulation in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Noda ◽  
Mayuko Takano ◽  
Motoshi Hayano ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Masataka Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
40 Hz

Photobiological neuromodulation and its clinical application has been investigated in recent years. The response of the gamma-oscillation to human visual stimuli is known to be both burst and resonant in nature, and the coupling between alpha and gamma oscillations may play a functional role in visual processing. To date, there is no study that examined the effects of gamma-frequency violet light (VL) stimulation on human electroencephalography (EEG). In this study, we investigated the neurophysiological changes induced by light stimulation using EEG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific effects of 40 Hz gamma-frequency VL stimulation on EEG activity by comparing the effects of white light (WL) with the same condition. Twenty healthy participants (10 females: 37.5 ± 14.3 years; 10 males: 38.0 ± 13.3 years) participated in this study and the following results were observed. First, when compared with the power spectrum density (PSD) of baseline EEG, 40 Hz-WL induced significant increase of PSD in theta band. Second, compared the PSDs between EEG with 40 Hz-VL and EEG with 40 Hz-WL, 40 Hz-VL induced significantly lower enhancement in delta and theta bands than 40 Hz-WL. Third, when focused on the occipital area, negative peak of VEP with 40 Hz-VL was smaller than that of 40 Hz-WL. Fourth, 40 Hz-VL induced an increase of alpha-gamma coupling during the VEP at the F5 electrode site as well as post-EEG at the C4 electrode site, compared with baseline EEG. Thus, the present study suggested that 40 Hz-VL stimulation may induce unique photobiological neuromodulations on human EEG activity.

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