scholarly journals Migration of bipolar subependymal cells, precursors of the granule cells of the rat olfactory bulb, with reference to the arrangement of the radial glial fibers.

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi KISHI ◽  
Jun Yun PENG ◽  
Sachiko KAKUTA ◽  
Kunio MURAKAMI ◽  
Masaru KURODA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Are Differentially Expressed by Two Populations of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 3136-3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Heinbockel ◽  
Kathryn A. Hamilton ◽  
Matthew Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Mitral Cells ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bath Application

In the main olfactory bulb, several populations of granule cells (GCs) can be distinguished based on the soma location either superficially, interspersed with mitral cells within the mitral cell layer (MCL), or deeper, within the GC layer (GCL). Little is known about the physiological properties of superficial GCs (sGCs) versus deep GCs (dGCs). Here, we used patch-clamp recording methods to explore the role of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in regulating the activity of GCs in slices from wildtype and mGluR−/− mutant mice. In wildtype mice, bath application of the selective Group I mGluR agonist DHPG depolarized and increased the firing rate of both GC subtypes. In the presence of blockers of fast synaptic transmission (APV, CNQX, gabazine), DHPG directly depolarized both GC subtypes, although the two GC subtypes responded differentially to DHPG in mGluR1−/− and mGluR5−/− mice. DHPG depolarized sGCs in slices from mGluR5−/− mice, although it had no effect on sGCs in slices from mGluR1−/− mice. By contrast, DHPG depolarized dGCs in slices from mGluR1−/− mice but had no effect on dGCs in slices from mGluR5−/− mice. Previous studies showed that mitral cells express mGluR1 but not mGluR5. The present results therefore suggest that sGCs are more similar to mitral cells than dGCs in terms of mGluR expression.

The Mitral and Short Axon Cells of the Olfactory Bulb

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-651
Author(s):  
J. L. PRICE ◽  
T. P. S. POWELL
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Mitral Cells ◽  
Axon Initial Segments ◽  
Large Neurons

A description is given of the mitral and short axon cells of the olfactory bulb of the rat from Golgi material examined with the light microscope and from material examined with the electron microscope. The mitral cells are large neurons with primary and secondary dendrites which both extend into the overlying external plexiform layer, although only the primary dendrite enters the glomerular formations. No predominant antero-posterior orientation of the secondary dendrites has been found. Within the glomeruli the mitral cell dendrites are in synaptic contact with the olfactory nerves and also with the periglomerular cells, but elsewhere the only synapses on the mitral cells are the ‘reciprocal synapses’ with the granule cells. Synaptic-type vesicles are found in all parts of the mitral cells, including the axon initial segments; they appear to be especially concentrated in the distal portions of the dendrites. Several types of short axon cells have been found in the granule cell layer in Golgi-impregnated material. Their cell bodies can also be distinguished with the electron microscope, and from previous work it is probable that the axons of at least some of these cells form flattened-vesicle symmetrical synapses upon the granule cells.

scholarly journals Transient Activity Induces a Long-Lasting Increase in the Excitability of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Inoue ◽  
Ben W. Strowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Transient Activity ◽  
Olfactory Bulb Slices ◽  
Processing And Storage

Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that underlie the processing and storage of sensory in the mammalian olfactory system. Here we show that persistent spiking, an activity pattern associated with working memory in other brain regions, can be evoked in the olfactory bulb by stimuli that mimic physiological patterns of synaptic input. We find that brief discharges trigger persistent activity in individual interneurons that receive slow, subthreshold oscillatory input in acute rat olfactory bulb slices. A 2- to 5-Hz oscillatory input, which resembles the synaptic drive that the olfactory bulb receives during sniffing, is required to maintain persistent firing. Persistent activity depends on muscarinic receptor activation and results from interactions between calcium-dependent afterdepolarizations and low-threshold Ca spikes in granule cells. Computer simulations suggest that intrinsically generated persistent activity in granule cells can evoke correlated spiking in reciprocally connected mitral cells. The interaction between the intrinsic currents present in reciprocally connected olfactory bulb neurons constitutes a novel mechanism for synchronized firing in subpopulations of neurons during olfactory processing.

scholarly journals NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Activation of TRPC Channels in Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 5737-5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Stroh ◽  
M. Freichel ◽  
O. Kretz ◽  
L. Birnbaumer ◽  
J. Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Trpc Channels ◽  
Synaptic Activation

scholarly journals Improved Separation of Odor Responses in Granule Cells of the Olfactory Bulb During Odor Discrimination Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejuan Wang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Xiaowen Li ◽  
Penglai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Odor Discrimination

scholarly journals Sniff-Like Patterned Input Results in Long-Term Plasticity at the Rat Olfactory Bulb Mitral and Tufted Cell to Granule Cell Synapse

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahua Chatterjee ◽  
Fernando Perez de los Cobos Pallares ◽  
Alex Loebel ◽  
Michael Lukas ◽  
Veronica Egger
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Presynaptic Release ◽  
Extra Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

During odor sensing the activity of principal neurons of the mammalian olfactory bulb, the mitral and tufted cells (MTCs), occurs in repetitive bursts that are synchronized to respiration, reminiscent of hippocampal theta-gamma coupling. Axonless granule cells (GCs) mediate self- and lateral inhibitory interactions between the excitatory MTCs via reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. We have explored long-term plasticity at this synapse by using a theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol and variations thereof. GCs were excited via glomerular stimulation in acute brain slices. We find that TBS induces exclusively long-term depression in the majority of experiments, whereas single bursts (“single-sniff paradigm”) can elicit both long-term potentiation and depression. Statistical analysis predicts that the mechanism underlying this bidirectional plasticity involves the proportional addition or removal of presynaptic release sites. Gamma stimulation with the same number of APs as in TBS was less efficient in inducing plasticity. Both TBS- and “single-sniff paradigm”-induced plasticity depend on NMDA receptor activation. Since the onset of plasticity is very rapid and requires little extra activity, we propose that these forms of plasticity might play a role already during an ongoing search for odor sources. Our results imply that components of both short-term and long-term olfactory memory may be encoded at this synapse.

Presynaptic Muscarinic Receptors Enhance Glutamate Release at the Mitral/Tufted to Granule Cell Dendrodendritic Synapse in the Rat Main Olfactory Bulb

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 2052-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish S. Ghatpande ◽  
Alan Gelperin
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tufted Cells

The mammalian olfactory bulb receives multiple modulatory inputs, including a cholinergic input from the basal forebrain. Understanding the functional roles played by the cholinergic input requires an understanding of the cellular mechanisms it modulates. In an in vitro olfactory bulb slice preparation we demonstrate cholinergic muscarinic modulation of glutamate release onto granule cells that results in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release onto mitral/tufted cells. We demonstrate that the broad-spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol triggers glutamate release from mitral/tufted cells that activates both AMPA and NMDA receptors on granule cells. Activation of the granule cell glutamate receptors leads to calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in spike-independent, asynchronous GABA release at reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses that granule cells form with mitral/tufted cells. This cholinergic modulation of glutamate release persists through much of postnatal bulbar development, suggesting a functional role for cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain in bulbar processing of olfactory inputs and possibly in postnatal development of the olfactory bulb.

scholarly journals Disruption of centrifugal inhibition to olfactory bulb granule cells impairs olfactory discrimination

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (36) ◽  
pp. 14777-14782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Nunez-Parra ◽  
Robert K. Maurer ◽  
Krista Krahe ◽  
Richard S. Smith ◽  
Ricardo C. Araneda
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Olfactory Discrimination
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