Complete reorganization of the motor cortex of adult rats following long-term spinal cord injuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Tandon ◽  
Niranjan Kambi ◽  
Hisham Mohammed ◽  
Neeraj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Adult Rats

scholarly journals Housing adaptations and housing accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262097951
Author(s):  
Lizette Norin ◽  
Björn Slaug ◽  
Maria Haak ◽  
Susanne Iwarsson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual

Introduction Adults with spinal cord injuries are living longer than previously, and a majority are living in ordinary housing in the community. Housing accessibility is important for maintaining independent occupational performance for this population, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. We investigated housing adaptations and current accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing (>10 years) spinal cord injuries. Method Data from home visits among 122 older adults with spinal cord injuries in Sweden were used. Housing adaptations and environmental barriers were descriptively analysed. Findings Kitchens, entrances, and hygiene areas were common locations for housing adaptations and environmental barriers that generated accessibility problems. The most common adaptations were ramps, wheelchair-accessible stovetops, and ceiling-lifts. Wall-mounted cupboards and high shelves (kitchen), inaccessible storage areas (outside the dwelling), and a lack of grab bars (hygiene area) generated the most accessibility problems. Conclusion Despite housing adaptations, there are considerable accessibility problems in the dwellings of older adults with long-standing spinal cord injuries in Sweden, indicating that long-term follow-up of the housing situation of this population is necessary. Focusing on accessible housing as a prerequisite for occupational performance is at the core of occupational therapy, deserving attention on the individual as well as the societal level.

scholarly journals Arrow-Shot Injury to Pediatric Spinal Cord

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayveer Singh ◽  
Sharad Thanvi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Dural Suturing ◽  
Stab Injuries ◽  
Early Surgical Intervention

AbstractPenetrating spinal cord injuries (PSCI) in cervical region are extremely rare in pediatric population. Most injuries in pediatric population are accidental due to gunshot or a stab injury with a sharp or pointed object. Gun shots may result into a severe wound which is usually fatal and may result in death, quadriplegia, or serious long-term disability. Stab injuries are less severe and may result in neurological sequalae. In this paper, an unusual case of pediatric arrow shot partial cervical cord injury is reported which was managed by aggressive neurosurgical management. The arrow lodged in the cervical cord was very near to the vertebral artery leading to parapariesis which recovered well without any complications. Diagnostic imaging at admission included radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography of the cervical region. The patient underwent early surgical intervention with removal of foreign body from the cord and subsequent dural suturing.

Long-Term Survival, Robust Neuronal Differentiation, and Extensive Migration of Human Forebrain Stem/Progenitor Cells Transplanted to the Adult Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Cavity

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Åkesson ◽  
Martin Sandelin ◽  
Nadezda Kanaykina ◽  
Hákan Aldskogius ◽  
Elena N. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) transmit sensory information from peripheral tissues to the spinal cord. This pathway can be interrupted, for example, as the result of physical violence, traffic accidents, or complications during child delivery. As a consequence, the patient permanently loses sensation and often develops intractable neuropathic pain in the denervated area. Here we investigate whether human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs) transplanted to the DRG cavity can serve as a source for repairing lost peripheral sensory connections. We found that hNSPCs robustly differentiate to neurons, which survive long-term transplantation. The neuronal population in the transplants was tightly surrounded by astrocytes, suggesting their active role in neuron survival. Furthermore, 3 months after grafting hNSPCs were found in the dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ) and within the spinal cord. The level of differentiation of transplanted cells was high in the core of the transplants whereas cells that migrated to the DRTZ and spinal cord were undifferentiated, nestin-expressing precursors. These data indicate that peripherally transplanted hNPSCs can be used for repair of dorsal root avulsion or spinal cord injuries; however, additional factors are required to guide their differentiation to the desired type of neurons. Furthermore, hNPSCs that migrate from the DRG cavity graft site to the DRTZ and spinal cord may provide trophic support for regenerating dorsal root axons, thereby allowing them to reenter the host spinal cord.

Spinal cord neurodegeneration after inorganic mercury long-term exposure in adult rats: Ultrastructural, proteomic and biochemical damages associated with reduced neuronal density

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 110159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Gonçalves Corrêa ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt ◽  
Priscila Cunha Nascimento ◽  
Railson Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Neuronal Density

scholarly journals A comprehensive study of long-term skeletal changes after spinal cord injury in adult rats

Bone Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiao Lin ◽  
Wei Tong ◽  
Abhishek Chandra ◽  
Shao-Yun Hsu ◽  
Haoruo Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Fetal Transplants Rescue Axial Muscle Representations in M1 Cortex of Neonatally Transected Rats That Develop Weight Support

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 3021-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon F. Giszter ◽  
William J. Kargo ◽  
Michelle Davies ◽  
Motohide Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Axial Muscles ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury

Giszter, Simon, William Kargo, Michelle Davies, and Motohide Shibayama. Fetal transplants rescue axial muscle representations in M1 cortex of neonatally transected rats that develop weight support. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3021–3030, 1998. Intraspinal transplants of fetal spinal tissue partly alleviate motor deficits caused by spinal cord injury. How transplants modify body representation and muscle recruitment by motor cortex is currently largely unknown. We compared electromyographic responses from motor cortex stimulation in normal adult rats, adult rats that received complete spinal cord transection at the T8–T10 segmental level as neonates (TX rats), and similarly transected rats receiving transplants of embryonic spinal cord (TP rats). Rats were also compared among treatments for level of weight support and motor performance. Sixty percent of TP rats showed unassisted weight-supported locomotion as adults, whereas ∼30% of TX rats with no intervention showed unassisted weight-supported locomotion. In the weight-supporting animals we found that the transplants enabled motor responses to be evoked by microstimulation of areas of motor cortex that normally represent the lumbar axial muscles in rats. These same regions were silent in all TX rats with transections but no transplants, even those exhibiting locomotion with weight support. In weight-supporting TX rats low axial muscles could be recruited from the rostral cortical axial representation, which normally represents the neck and upper trunk. No operated animal, even those with well-integrated transplants and good weight-supported locomotion, had a hindlimb motor representation in cortex. The data demonstrate that spinal transplants allow the development of some functional interactions between areas of motor cortex and spinal cord that are not available to the rat lacking the intervention. The data also suggest that operated rats that achieve weight support may primarily use the axial muscles to steer the pelvis and hindlimbs indirectly rather than use explicit hindlimb control during weight-supported locomotion.

Long-Term Challenges to Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Haider Darain ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Dildar ◽  
Muhammad Ibrar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderungen ◽  
Psychische Beschwerden

ZusammenfassungÜber die Langzeitfolgen des Erdbebens im Jahr 2005 in Pakistan für Patienten, die eine Rückenmarksverletzung erlitten haben, wurde wenig berichtet. Obwohl seitdem mehr als 10 Jahre vergangen sind, benötigen betroffene Patienten in diesen Regionen immer noch ein umfassendes Rehabilitationsprogramm. Insgesamt 180 Teilnehmer wurden für diese Befragung kontaktiert; zur Datenerhebung wurde ein Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität genutzt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mit SPSS, Version 23, ausgewertet. Ein Großteil der Teilnehmer ordnete sich in die Kategorie ‚schlechter Gesundheitszustand‘ ein. Die durchschnittliche Zeit, in der die Teilnehmer in den letzten 30 Tagen physische und psychische Beschwerden hatten, betrug 3,0 ± 1,6 Tage, beziehungsweise 4,8 ± 1,8 Tage. Die Hauptprobleme dieser Patienten sind nach wie vor Rückenschmerzen und Gehunfähigkeit. In den vom Erdbeben betroffenen Gebieten besteht immer noch Verbesserungsbedarf in der Rehabilitation von Menschen mit Behinderungen, insbesondere mit Rückenmarksverletzungen.

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