Blue‐stain fungi isolated from freshly felled Scots pine logs in Poland, including Leptographium sosnaicola sp. nov

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Piotr Bilański ◽  
Dominika Jazłowiecka ◽  
Beata Harabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

Two blue-stain fungi colonizing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees infested by bark beetles in Slovakia, Central Europe

Biologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Pastirčáková ◽  
Katarína Adamčíková ◽  
Martin Pastirčák ◽  
Peter Zach ◽  
Juraj Galko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

Pathogenicity of the blue-stain fungi Leptographiumwingfieldii and Ophiostomaminus to Scots pine: effect of tree pruning and inoculum density

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Solheim ◽  
Bo Långström ◽  
Claes Hellqvist
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Inoculation Density ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Tree Pruning

The pathogenicity of the blue-stain fungi Leptographiumwingfieldii Morelet and Ophiostomaminus (Hedge.) H. et P. Syd., associated with the pine shoot beetle Tomicuspiniperda (L.), was determined on pruned and unpruned Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) trees. Both fungi killed unpruned trees when inoculated in a 60 cm wide band at a density of 800 inoculations/m2, while severely pruned trees were killed by an inoculation density of 400 inoculations/m2. Trees inoculated with L. wingfieldii died sooner after inoculation than trees inoculated with O. minus.

scholarly journals Endemic Jeffrey Pine Beetle Associates: Beetle/Mite Fungal Dissemination Strategies and Interactions That May Influence Beetle Population Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Javier E. Mercado ◽  
Beatriz Ortiz-Santana ◽  
Shannon L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
Mutualistic Interaction ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Grosmannia Clavigera ◽  
Mutualistic Fungus ◽  
Jeffrey Pine Beetle

Fungal and mite associates may drive changes in bark beetle populations, and mechanisms constraining beetle irruptions may be hidden in endemic populations. We characterized common fungi of endemic-level Jeffrey pine beetle (JPB) in western USA and analyzed their dissemination by JPB (maxillae and fecal pellet) and fungivorous mites to identify if endogenous regulation drove the population. We hypothesized that: (1) as in near-endemic mountain pine beetle populations, JPB’s mutualistic fungus would either be less abundant in endemic than in non-endemic populations or that another fungus may be more prevalent; (2) JPB primarily transports its mutualistic fungus, while its fungivorous mites primarily transport another fungus, and (3) based on the prevalence of yeasts in bark beetle symbioses, that a mutualistic interaction with blue-stain fungi present in that system may exist. Grosmannia clavigera was the most frequent JPB symbiont; however, the new here reported antagonist, Ophiostoma minus, was second in frequency. As hypothesized, JPB mostly carried its mutualist fungus while another fungus (i.e., antagonistic) was mainly carried by mites, but no fungal transport was obligate. Furthermore, we found a novel mutualistic interaction between the yeast Kuraishia molischiana and G. clavigera which fostered a growth advantage at temperatures associated with beetle colonization.

Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. Namyslo ◽  
Dieter E. Kaufmann ◽  
Carsten Mai ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract The development of appropriate chemical precursors that can covalently functionalize natural wood aims at efficient restriction of deterioration. Biological staining experiments were performed with veneer pieces made of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that had previously been chemically modified with substituted benzoates. Based on the recently published protocol on esterification of wood by means of 1H-benzotriazole activation, the quantity of covalently bonded organomaterials (QCOs), a recently defined advantageous value considering the individual molecular weight of the functionalizing organochemical groups, was obtained in the range of 0.9–1.5 mmol g-1. The modified wood was analyzed by attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. Modification with three electronically different benzoates clearly reduced the colonization of the specimen’s surfaces by the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans but did not fully prevent it. The degree of colonization appeared to decrease with increasing QCO values of the modification agents but apparently did not strongly depend on the additional functionality of the benzoate.

scholarly journals Influence of Natural and Artificial Weathering on the Colour Change of Different Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Kržišnik ◽  
Boštjan Lesar ◽  
Nejc Thaler ◽  
Miha Humar
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Aesthetic

The importance of the aesthetic performance of wood is increasing and the colour is one of the most important parameters of aesthetics, hence the colour stability of twelve different wood-based materials was evaluated by several in-service and laboratory tests. The wood used for wooden façades and decking belongs to a group of severely exposed surfaces. Discolouration of wood in such applications is a long-known phenomenon, which is a result of different biotic and abiotic causes. The ongoing in-service trial started in October 2013, whilst a laboratory test mimicking seasonal exposure was performed in parallel. Samples were exposed to blue stain fungi (Aureobasidium pullulans and Dothichiza pithyophila) in a laboratory test according to the EN 152 procedure. Afterwards, the same samples were artificially weathered and re-exposed to the same blue stain fungi for the second time. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the synergistic effect of weathering and staining. The broader aim of the study was to determine the correlation factors between artificial and natural weathering and to compare laboratory and field test data of fungal disfigurement of various bio-based materials. During the four years of exposure, the most prominent colour changes were determined on decking. Respective changes on the façade elements were significantly less prominent, being the lest evident on the south and east façade. The results showed that there are positive correlations between natural weathering and the combination of artificial weathering and blue staining. Hence, the artificial weathering of wood-based materials in the laboratory should consist of two steps, blue staining and artificial weathering, in order to simulate colour changes.

The occurrence and pathogenicity of Geosmithia spp. and common blue-stain fungi associated with pine bark beetles in planted forests in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mally Dori-Bachash ◽  
Liat Avrahami-Moyal ◽  
Alex Protasov ◽  
Zvi Mendel ◽  
Stanley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Blue Stain

Blue-stain fungi in xylem of lodgepole pine: a light-microscope study on extent of hyphal distribution

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ballard ◽  
M. A. Walsh ◽  
W. E. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Pine Beetles

In midsummer mountain pine beetles emerge from lodgepole pine trees and fly to unattacked trees. While chewing vertical egg galleries in the inner bark of the tree, they inoculate into it a blue-stain fungus complex. Initially, the fungi are confined to the beetle frass of the egg gallery, but they soon grow into the sapwood. The fungi spread radially via the parenchyma of the xylem rays. Once established in the xylem rays, fungal hyphae move into the tracheids of the axial water-conducting system. Here they occlude bordered-pit pairs and occasionally the entire lumen of the cell. Fungal hyphae also attack and destroy resin-duct epithelial cells. This may result in release of resin into surrounding tissues. Destruction of storage and water-conducting tissues in the tree trunk is detrimental to renewed shoot tip expansion the following spring.

Entomocorticium dendroctoni gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycotina), a possible nutritional symbiote of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
R. J. Bandoni ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

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