Evidence of an olfactory imprinting window in embryonic Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malia E. Armstrong ◽  
David Minkoff ◽  
Andrew H. Dittman ◽  
Darran May ◽  
Eric K. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Olfactory Imprinting

Cardiac Responses to a Natural Odorant as Evidence of a Sensitive Period for Olfactory Imprinting in Young Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Philippe Morin ◽  
Julian J. Dodson ◽  
François Y. Doré
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Olfactory Recognition ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Olfactory Imprinting

Olfactory imprinting was assessed in young Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, undergoing smoltification (parr–smolt transition) by measuring their cardiac responses to a natural odorant, L-cysteine. Condition factor and body coloration were used for characterizing the degree of smoltification. In Experiment 1, heart rate conditioning to L-cysteine was used to compare olfactory learning between fish from different age groups of smoltification. In Experiments 2 and 3, other fish from the same age groups of smoltification were exposed to L-cysteine and their long-term olfactory memory was assessed by measuring their unconditioned cardiac responses to L-cysteine after smoltification. In Experiment 2, the time from the end of odor exposure to testing for olfactory recognition was kept constant for ail age groups of smoltification whereas in Experiment 3, the age of fish tested for olfactory recognition was kept constant. Greater conditioning (heart rate reduction) to L-cysteine occurred in age-groups 3 (612–619 d since birth) and 6 (642–649 d) as compared with any other age group of smoltification. Fish tested for odor recognition exhibited a greater unconditioned response (cardiac deceleration) to L-cysteine if they belonged to age-group 3 than to any other age group of smoltification. Our results demonstrated the existence of a sensitive period for olfactory imprinting in Atlantic salmon that occurred between 21 and 28 d after the onset of smoltification induced in the laboratory.

Changes in Serum Free Thyroxine, Prolactin, and Olfactory Activity during Induced Smoltification in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Philippe Morin ◽  
Øivind Andersen ◽  
Egil Haug ◽  
Kjell B. Døving
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Olfactory Imprinting ◽  
Second Peak

Serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and prolactin (PRL) and olfactory activity were studied in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) induced to undergo premature smoltification by a regime of increasing temperature and photoperiod. The olfactory epithelium was stimulated with L-alanine or taurocholate (10−8–10−4 M) while electroencephalographic responses were recorded from the rostrolateral and rostromedial surfaces of the olfactory bulb. Two peaks of olfactory activity occurred during the 8-wk test period for three combinations of recording site and odorant, lateral–alanine, lateral–taurocholate, and medial–taurocholate, but not for the medial–alanine combination. The first peak occurred at the beginning of smoltification (the "acute phase") coinciding with the previously described sensitive period for olfactory imprinting. Whereas this peak of olfactory activity was not associated with a rise in serum FT4, the second peak, occurring after the acute phase of smoltification, coincided with a FT4 peak. PRL remained constant throughout the acute phase of smoltification but increased 1 wk after the second peak of olfactory activity. It is concluded that olfactory activity is at least partly related to thyroid activity during induced smoltification.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Marine mammals are natural hosts of Oceanivirga salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of Atlantic salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
R Palmer ◽  
GTA Fleming ◽  
S Glaeser ◽  
T Semmler ◽  
A Flamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Striped Dolphin ◽  
Natural Hosts

During 1992 and 1993, a bacterial disease occurred in a seawater Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farm, causing serious mortalities. The causative agent was subsequently named as Oceanivirga salmonicida, a member of the Leptotrichiaceae. Searches of 16S rRNA gene sequence databases have shown sequence similarities between O. salmonicida and uncultured bacterial clones from the digestive tracts of marine mammals. In the current study, oral samples were taken from stranded dolphins (common dolphin Delphinus delphis, striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba) and healthy harbour seals Phoca vitulina. A bacterium with growth characteristics consistent with O. salmonicida was isolated from a common dolphin. The isolate was confirmed as O. salmonicida, by comparisons to the type strain, using 16S rRNA gene, gyrB, groEL, and recA sequence analyses, average nucleotide identity analysis, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Metagenomic analysis indicated that the genus Oceanivirga represented a significant component of the oral bacterial microbiomes of the dolphins and seals. However, sequences consistent with O. salmonicida were only found in the dolphin samples. Analyses of marine mammal microbiome studies in the NCBI databases showed sequences consistent with O. salmonicida from the common dolphin, striped dolphin, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae, and harbour seal. Sequences from marine environmental studies in the NCBI databases showed no sequences consistent with O. salmonicida. The findings suggest that several species of marine mammals are natural hosts of O. salmonicida.

Present Status of the Salmonids Atlantic Salmon and Sea-Trout in the Dutch Part of the River Rhine

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Cazemier
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Heavy Pollution

In the past, the anadromous salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea-trout (Salmo trutta), have formed natural populations in the river Rhine. From the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards, the greater part of the drainage area of the river has been gradually altered from a more or less rural and agricultural area, into a highly industrialised one with subsequent industrialisation, river-engineering and heavy pollution. These developments are considered to be the major cause for the disappearance of the populations of anadromous salmonid fish in the 1950s. The water quality has recovered significantly during the past 25 years. From about 1975 onwards, this process gave rise to a recovery of the anadromous trout population. Results of recent studies of the sea-trout migration pattern are presented. They reveal that nowadays these salmonids can complete their up- and downstream migrations from the North Sea to places, situated at hundreds of kilometres upward the river and vica versa. The numbers of recorded Atlantic salmon and catch locations in inland waters are presented. They show a significant increase since 1989. These phenomena can be understood as promising signs of the recovery of the Rhine aquatic ecosystem.

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