Differences in swimming performance and energetic costs between an endangered native toothcarp ( Aphanius iberus ) and an invasive mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki )

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Rubio‐Gracia ◽  
Emili García‐Berthou ◽  
Dani Latorre ◽  
Ramon Moreno‐Amich ◽  
Pao Srean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Energetic Costs

scholarly journals Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Sébastien Alfonso ◽  
Walter Zupa ◽  
Maria Teresa Spedicato ◽  
Giuseppe Lembo ◽  
Pierluigi Carbonara
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Measurement of metabolic rates provides a valuable proxy for the energetic costs of different living activities. However, such measurements are not easy to perform in free-swimming fish. Therefore, mapping acceleration from accelerometer tags with oxygen consumption rates (MO2) is a promising method to counter these limitations and could represent a tool for remotely estimating MO2 in aquaculture environments. In this study, we monitored the swimming performance and MO2 of 79 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata; weight range, 219–971 g) during a critical swimming test. Among all the fish challenged, 27 were implanted with electromyography (EMG) electrodes, and 27 were implanted with accelerometer tags to monitor the activation pattern of the red/white muscles during swimming. Additionally, we correlated the acceleration recorded by the tag with the MO2. Overall, we found no significant differences in swimming performance, metabolic traits, and swimming efficiency between the tagged and untagged fish. The acceleration recorded by the tag was successfully correlated with MO2. Additionally, through EMG analyses, we determined the activities of the red and white muscles, which are indicative of the contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms until reaching critical swimming speed. By obtaining insights into both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms, sensor mapping with physiological data may be useful for the purposes of aquaculture health/welfare remote monitoring of the gilthead sea bream, a key species in European marine aquaculture.

scholarly journals Generalist–specialist trade-off during thermal acclimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Seebacher ◽  
Varlérie Ducret ◽  
Alexander G. Little ◽  
Bart Adriaenssens
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Acclimation Treatment

The shape of performance curves and their plasticity define how individuals and populations respond to environmental variability. In theory, maximum performance decreases with an increase in performance breadth. However, reversible acclimation may counteract this generalist–specialist trade-off, because performance optima track environmental conditions so that there is no benefit of generalist phenotypes. We tested this hypothesis by acclimating individual mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) to cool and warm temperatures consecutively and measuring performance curves of swimming performance after each acclimation treatment. Individuals from the same population differed significantly in performance maxima, performance breadth and the capacity for acclimation. As predicted, acclimation resulted in a shift of the temperature at which maximal performance occurred. Within acclimation treatments, there was a significant generalist–specialist trade-off in responses to acute temperature change. Surprisingly, however, there was also a trade-off across acclimation treatments, and animals with greater capacity for cold acclimation had lower performance maxima under warm conditions. Hence, cold acclimation may be viewed as a generalist strategy that extends performance breadth at the colder seasons, but comes at the cost of reduced performance at the warmer time of year. Acclimation therefore does not counteract a generalist–specialist trade-off and, at least in mosquitofish, the trade-off seems to be a system property that persists despite phenotypic plasticity.

Effects of size and sex on swimming performance and metabolism of invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Srean ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Francesc Rubio-Gracia ◽  
Yiping Luo ◽  
Emili García-Berthou
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki

scholarly journals High postural costs and anaerobic metabolism during swimming support the hypothesis of a U-shaped metabolism–speed curve in fishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (49) ◽  
pp. 13048-13053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Di Santo ◽  
Christopher P. Kenaley ◽  
George V. Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Clearnose Skate ◽  
Raja Eglanteria ◽  
Negatively Buoyant

Swimming performance is considered a key trait determining the ability of fish to survive. Hydrodynamic theory predicts that the energetic costs required for fishes to swim should vary with speed according to a U-shaped curve, with an expected energetic minimum at intermediate cruising speeds and increasing expenditure at low and high speeds. However, to date no complete datasets have shown an energetic minimum for swimming fish at intermediate speeds rather than low speeds. To address this knowledge gap, we used a negatively buoyant fish, the clearnose skate Raja eglanteria, and took two approaches: a classic critical swimming speed protocol and a single-speed exercise and recovery procedure. We found an anaerobic component at each velocity tested. The two approaches showed U-shaped, though significantly different, speed–metabolic relationships. These results suggest that (i) postural costs, especially at low speeds, may result in J- or U-shaped metabolism–speed curves; (ii) anaerobic metabolism is involved at all swimming speeds in the clearnose skate; and (iii) critical swimming protocols might misrepresent the true costs of locomotion across speeds, at least in negatively buoyant fish.

Annotated сhecklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Esmaeili ◽  
B.W. Coad ◽  
A. Gholamifard ◽  
N. Nazari ◽  
A. Teimory
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki

The confirmed freshwater fishes of Iran comprise 202 species in 104 genera, 28 families, 17 orders and 3 classes found in 19 different basins. There are also 23 species whose presence in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens. The most diverse order is the Cypriniformes with 120 confirmed species (59.4%) followed by Perciformes with 28 species (13.9%), Cyprinodontiformes (10 species, 5.0%), Clupeiformes (9 species, 4.5%), Salmoniformes (7 species, 3.5%), Mugiliformes and Siluriformes each with 6 species (3.0%), Acipenseriformes (5 species, 2.5%), Gasterosteiformes (3 species, 1.5%), and 8 other orders each with one species (0.5%). New species are still being discovered, 7 described in 2009, while others are being resurrected from synonymy, newly recorded from Iran, or exotic species newly established. Some taxonomic problems remain and are commented on briefly. Thirty-nine endemic species (19.3%) in 6 families and 23 exotic species (11.4%) in 8 families are listed here. The mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 is the most widespread exotic species.

Analysis of Correlations between Swimming Performance and the Inspiratory Muscle Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1361-1371
Author(s):  
Kwang-Myong Kim ◽  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Jong-Hwan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle

Impaired Swimming Performance of Acid-exposed Arctic Charr, Salvelinus Alpinus L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Hunter ◽  
E. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Abstract Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were exposed to five levels of acidity between pH 6 and pH 3.8. Swimming performance as determined by critical swimming speeds was 67.5 cm · sࢤ1 or 4.4 body lengths per second for untreated fish (pH 7.8). Performance declined sharply below pH 4.5; at pH 3.8 it was reduced by 35% after 7 days of exposure. Tailbeat frequencies and ventilation rates showed no dose-response effects. At swimming speeds between 20 and 50 cm · sࢤ1, ventilation rates at all levels of acidity were higher than at the control level.

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