Paternal effects associated with melanism inHarmonia axyridis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): mating sequence asymmetries and interactions with age-specific maternal effects

J.P. Michaud; Ahmed H. Abdelwahab; Vinicius F. Canassa; Clint Bain

doi:10.1111/een.12638

X- and Y-chromosome linked paternal effects on a life-history trait

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2011.0608 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 71-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Urban Friberg ◽

Andrew D. Stewart ◽

William R. Rice

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Life History ◽

Parental Care ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Life History Trait ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

Epigenetic Effects ◽

Males And Females

Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring. In species lacking parental care, females influence offspring in many ways, while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm. For this reason, maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation, while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible. The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption, and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated. Here, we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait, and find substantial support for both X- and Y-linked effects.

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Cross-Generation Effects for Cold Resistance in Tropical Populations of Drosophila-Melanogaster and Drosophila-Simulans

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9950051 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

MJO Watson ◽

AA Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Cold Resistance ◽

Drosophila Simulans ◽

Small Decrease ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Different Levels

Cross-generation effects on the cold resistance of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were investigated by exposing adults to different levels of cold stress and testing the resistance of female F1s and F2s. Maternal and paternal treatments had different effects on progeny resistance. Maternal effects were not detected for either species when progeny were held at 25-degrees-C, but were detected when progeny were acclimated at 13-degrees-C prior to testing. When dams were exposed to a non-lethal cold stress following acclimation, the cold resistance of their progeny was increased, particularly in D. simulans. Grandmaternal exposure to 13-degrees-C and a non-lethal stress led to a small decrease in the cold resistance of D. melanogaster, and a small increase in the resistance of D. simulans. When sires of D. melanogaster and D. simulans were exposed to a cold stress, the resistance of their progeny decreased when progeny were tested without acclimation at 13-degrees-C, but decreased only in D. melanogaster when progeny were acclimated. Paternal effects were smaller than maternal effects and were not evident in the F2 generation.

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Maternal genome dominance in early plant embryogenesis

10.1101/2020.01.14.905992 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jaime Alaniz-Fabián ◽

Daoquan Xiang ◽

Gerardo Del Toro-De León ◽

Axel Orozco-Nieto ◽

Peng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Effects ◽

Early Embryo ◽

Early Embryogenesis ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Egg Cell ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

Predominant Role ◽

Maternal Genome ◽

Zygotic Transcription ◽

Early Embryos

AbstractPrevious studies have alternately supported and discounted the hypothesis that the maternal genome plays a predominant role in early embryogenesis in plants. We used 24 embryo defective (emb) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to test for maternal and paternal effects in early embryogenesis. 5 emb mutants had equal maternal and paternal effects, 5 showed maternal effects and weak paternal effects, and the remaining 14 emb mutants conditioned only maternal effects, demonstrating a more important role for the maternal allele for most of these EMB genes. To assess genome-wide maternal and paternal contributions to early embryos, we produced allele-specific transcriptomes from zygote to mature stage embryos derived from reciprocal crosses of Columbia-0 and Tsu-1, a hybrid combination we show to be a faithful proxy for isogenic Columbia-0. Parent-of-origin analysis of these transcriptomes revealed a reciprocal maternal bias in thousands of genes from the zygote to octant stage. This bias greatly diminished by the globular stage, and was absent at later stages. Comparison with egg cell transcriptomes revealed no correlation between transcript levels in the egg and maternal bias in pre-globular embryos, suggesting that the maternal bias observed in early embryos is due to preferential zygotic transcription of maternal alleles. Taken together, the functional and transcriptome data presented here support a predominant role for the maternal genome in early Arabidopsis embryogenesis.SignificanceIn both animals and plants, the zygote is produced by the union of the egg and sperm cells. In animals, it is well accepted that mRNAs and proteins from the egg direct the first steps of embryogenesis. Here we present genetic and genomic experiments that support a predominant role for the maternal genome in early embryogenesis of plants, as well. In contrast to animals, our data suggest that this maternal influence is primarily derived not from inheritance of egg transcripts, but from preferential transcription of maternal alleles in the zygote and early embryo. This transient maternal zygotic bias may reflect an ancestral condition to diminish paternal influence on early embryogenesis in outcrossing plants.

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Maternal predation risk increases offspring’s exploration but does not affect schooling behavior

Behavioral Ecology ◽

10.1093/beheco/araa071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 1207-1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvia Cattelan ◽

James Herbert-Read ◽

Paolo Panizzon ◽

Alessandro Devigili ◽

Matteo Griggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predation Risk ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Poecilia Reticulata ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Schooling Behavior ◽

Visual Predator ◽

Antipredator Behaviors ◽

Entire Treatment

Abstract The environment that parents experience can influence their reproductive output and their offspring’s fitness via parental effects. Perceived predation risk can affect both parent and offspring phenotype, but it remains unclear to what extent offspring behavioral traits are affected when the mother is exposed to predation risk. This is particularly unclear in live-bearing species where maternal effects could occur during embryogenesis. Here, using a half-sib design to control for paternal effects, we experimentally exposed females of a live-bearing fish, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), to visual predator cues and conspecific alarm cues during their gestation. Females exposed to predation risk cues increased their antipredator behaviors throughout the entire treatment. Offspring of mothers exposed to the predation stimuli exhibited more pronounced exploratory behavior, but did not show any significant differences in their schooling behavior, compared to controls. Thus, while maternally perceived risk affected offspring’s exploration during early stages of life, offspring’s schooling behavior could be influenced more by direct environmental experience rather than via maternal cues. Our results suggest a rather limited role in predator-induced maternal effects on the behavior of juvenile guppies.

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