Effects of large-scale host plant addition and removal on parasitoid-mediated associational resistance in the gall midgeAsphondylia borrichiae

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
KEITH STOKES ◽  
PETER STILING
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Associational Resistance

scholarly journals Large-scale transcriptomics to dissect 2 years of the life of a fungal phytopathogen interacting with its host plant

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Gay ◽  
Jessica L. Soyer ◽  
Nicolas Lapalu ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Isabelle Fudal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Fungal Genes

Abstract Background The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans has an exceptionally long and complex relationship with its host plant, Brassica napus, during which it switches between different lifestyles, including asymptomatic, biotrophic, necrotrophic, and saprotrophic stages. The fungus is also exemplary of “two-speed” genome organisms in the genome of which gene-rich and repeat-rich regions alternate. Except for a few stages of plant infection under controlled conditions, nothing is known about the genes mobilized by the fungus throughout its life cycle, which may last several years in the field. Results We performed RNA-seq on samples corresponding to all stages of the interaction of L. maculans with its host plant, either alive or dead (stem residues after harvest) in controlled conditions or in field experiments under natural inoculum pressure, over periods of time ranging from a few days to months or years. A total of 102 biological samples corresponding to 37 sets of conditions were analyzed. We show here that about 9% of the genes of this fungus are highly expressed during its interactions with its host plant. These genes are distributed into eight well-defined expression clusters, corresponding to specific infection lifestyles or to tissue-specific genes. All expression clusters are enriched in effector genes, and one cluster is specific to the saprophytic lifestyle on plant residues. One cluster, including genes known to be involved in the first phase of asymptomatic fungal growth in leaves, is re-used at each asymptomatic growth stage, regardless of the type of organ infected. The expression of the genes of this cluster is repeatedly turned on and off during infection. Whatever their expression profile, the genes of these clusters are enriched in heterochromatin regions associated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 repressive marks. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that part of the fungal genes involved in niche adaptation is located in heterochromatic regions of the genome, conferring an extreme plasticity of expression. Conclusion This work opens up new avenues for plant disease control, by identifying stage-specific effectors that could be used as targets for the identification of novel durable disease resistance genes, or for the in-depth analysis of chromatin remodeling during plant infection, which could be manipulated to interfere with the global expression of effector genes at crucial stages of plant infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Host Plants and Potting Mixture on Growth of Sandalwood Seedlings at Nursery Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Shubhashree Sahu V. Maheswarappa ◽  
Ramakrishna Hegde N. Kencharaddi ◽  
B. N. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Santalum Album L

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the most valuable commercially cultivated aromatic species throughout the world. However, the availability of quality planting stock isthe current bottleneck in its establishment on large scale. The major problems, noticed during quality planting stock production in nurseries are scarce knowledge about host-parasite relationship and use of appropriate potting mixture apart from its seed germination. In this regard two experiments were carried out at the College of Forestry, Ponnampet during 2020-2021 to identify suitable host plant and potting mixture. Growth parameters were recorded after 90, 180 and 270 days of transplanting sandal seedlings into treatments. After 270 days of transplanting, the host plant A. lebbeck recorded higher survival of sandal seedlings (81.89 %) and the host plant C. junghuhniana had higher height growth (10.40 cm) with collar diameter 2.33mm. Potting mixture sand, soil, vermicompost, G. intraradices with C. Junghuhninana found effective for height (18.25 cm) and collar diameter (2.58 mm).

scholarly journals Phase-dependent outbreak dynamics of geometrid moth linked to host plant phenology

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1676) ◽  
pp. 4119-4128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane U. Jepsen ◽  
Snorre B. Hagen ◽  
Stein-Rune Karlsen ◽  
Rolf A. Ims
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Birch Forest ◽  
Moran Effect ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Spread Model

Climatically driven Moran effects have often been invoked as the most likely cause of regionally synchronized outbreaks of insect herbivores without identifying the exact mechanism. However, the degree of match between host plant and larval phenology is crucial for the growth and survival of many spring-feeding pest insects, suggesting that a phenological match/mismatch-driven Moran effect may act as a synchronizing agent. We analyse the phase-dependent spatial dynamics of defoliation caused by cyclically outbreaking geometrid moths in northern boreal birch forest in Fennoscandia through the most recent massive outbreak (2000–2008). We use satellite-derived time series of the prevalence of moth defoliation and the onset of the growing season for the entire region to investigate the link between the patterns of defoliation and outbreak spread. In addition, we examine whether a phase-dependent coherence in the pattern of spatial synchrony exists between defoliation and onset of the growing season, in order to evaluate if the degree of matching phenology between the moth and their host plant could be the mechanism behind a Moran effect. The strength of regional spatial synchrony in defoliation and the pattern of defoliation spread were both highly phase-dependent. The incipient phase of the outbreak was characterized by high regional synchrony in defoliation and long spread distances, compared with the epidemic and crash phase. Defoliation spread was best described using a two-scale stratified spread model, suggesting that defoliation spread is governed by two processes operating at different spatial scale. The pattern of phase-dependent spatial synchrony was coherent in both defoliation and onset of the growing season. This suggests that the timing of spring phenology plays a role in the large-scale synchronization of birch forest moth outbreaks.

scholarly journals LARGE-SCALE CANDIDATE GENE SCAN REVEALS THE ROLE OF CHEMORECEPTOR GENES IN HOST PLANT SPECIALIZATION AND SPECIATION IN THE PEA APHID

Evolution ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2723-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole M. Smadja ◽  
Björn Canbäck ◽  
Renaud Vitalis ◽  
Mathieu Gautier ◽  
Julia Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Host Plant Specialization
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