The roles of foraging environment, host species, and host diet for a generalist pupal parasitoid

J.H. Reudler; S. van Nouhuys

doi:10.1111/eea.12657

Community-Level Physiological Profiles of Cloacal Microbes in Songbirds (Order: Passeriformes): Variation Due to Host Species, Host Diet, and Habitat

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-004-0076-9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.D. Maul ◽

J.P. Gandhi ◽

J.L. Farris

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Community Level ◽

Host Diet ◽

Physiological Profiles ◽

Order Passeriformes

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Yeast Communities of Diverse Drosophila Species: Comparison of Two Symbiont Groups in the Same Hosts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01741-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (20) ◽

pp. 7327-7336 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

James Angus Chandler ◽

Jonathan A. Eisen ◽

Artyom Kopp

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Content Type ◽

Yeast Community ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Host Diet ◽

Host Microbe Interactions ◽

Future Work

ABSTRACTThe combination of ecological diversity with genetic and experimental tractability makesDrosophilaa powerful model for the study of animal-associated microbial communities. Despite the known importance of yeasts inDrosophilaphysiology, behavior, and fitness, most recent work has focused onDrosophila-bacterial interactions. In order to get a more complete understanding of theDrosophilamicrobiome, we characterized the yeast communities associated with differentDrosophilaspecies collected around the world. We focused on the phylum Ascomycota because it constitutes the vast majority of theDrosophila-associated yeasts. Our sampling strategy allowed us to compare the distribution and structure of the yeast and bacterial communities in the same host populations. We show that yeast communities are dominated by a small number of abundant taxa, that the same yeast lineages are associated with different host species and populations, and that host diet has a greater effect than host species on yeast community composition. These patterns closely parallel those observed inDrosophilabacterial communities. However, we do not detect a significant correlation between the yeast and bacterial communities of the same host populations. Comparative analysis of different symbiont groups provides a more comprehensive picture of host-microbe interactions. Future work on the role of symbiont communities in animal physiology, ecological adaptation, and evolution would benefit from a similarly holistic approach.

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Susceptibility across host species is independent of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios

10.1101/2020.10.21.348987 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine E Roberts ◽

Ben Longdon

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Host Species ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Host Shift ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Novel Host ◽

Host Diet ◽

Host Parasite

AbstractThe likelihood of a successful host shift of a parasite to a novel host species can be influenced by environmental factors that can act on both the host and parasite. Changes in nutritional resource availability have been shown to alter pathogen susceptibility and the outcome of infection in a range of systems. Here we examined how dietary protein to carbohydrate altered susceptibility in a large cross infection experiment. We infected 27 species of Drosophilidae with an RNA virus on three food types of differing protein to carbohydrate ratios. We then measured how viral load and mortality across species was affected by changes in diet. We found that changes in the protein:carbohydrate in the diet did not alter the outcomes of infection, with strong positive inter-species correlations in both viral load and mortality across diets, suggesting no species by diet interaction. Mortality and viral load were strongly positively correlated, and this association was consistent across diets. This suggests changes in diet may give consistent outcomes across host species, and may not be universally important in determining host susceptibility to pathogens.Impact StatementA successful host shift of a parasite from one susceptible species to a novel host can be influenced by many ecological factors. Changes in host diet can alter the immune response and outcomes of host–parasite interactions and could potentially alter the outcome of a virus host shift. To investigate, we infected 27 species of Drosophilidae with an RNA virus (DCV) across three food types with differing protein to carbohydrate ratios. We then looked at pathogen loads and survival of infected hosts compared to uninfected controls. Changes in the ratio of protein to carbohydrate did not alter susceptibility to DCV across host species.

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Role of ecology and phylogeny in determining tapeworm assemblages in skates (Rajiformes)

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x18000809 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 738-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Beer ◽

T. Ingram ◽

H.S. Randhawa

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Host Switching ◽

Host Diet ◽

Host Ecology ◽

Ecological Parameters ◽

Average Body

AbstractAn understanding of the mechanisms that determine host and parasite relationships is a central aim in parasitology. Association of a parasite species with a host species may be influenced primarily by phylogenetic constraints that cause parasite species to co-speciate with their host species, or predominantly by ecological parameters that influence all other co-evolutionary scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the role of co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios in influencing the assemblages of tapeworm parasites (marine cestodes) in skate hosts (Rajiformes) using a modification of the PACo (Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny) method. The study found that phylogeny and host ecology are both significant predictors of skate–tapeworm relationships, implying that co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios are shaping these associations. The study also investigated the key ecological parameters influencing host-switching and found that host diet, distribution depth, average body size and geographical location have a combined effect. Given the importance of parasites in ensuring healthy and stable marine ecosystems, the findings of this study have implications for conservation management worldwide.

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Structuring mechanisms of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) parasite communities: host age, diet, and local factors

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z04-092 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 1291-1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michael W Johnson ◽

Patrick A Nelson ◽

Terry A Dick

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Yellow Perch ◽

Local Community ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Host Age ◽

Local Factors ◽

Dietary Preference ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Host Diet ◽

Shield Lakes

Seventeen parasite species were recovered from perch in four small Canadian Shield lakes with different fish species compositions. Parasite species such as Urocleidus adspectus Müller, 1936, Bunodera sacculata Van Cleave and Müller, 1932, and Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 are phylogenetically associated with perch and (or) percids; others, such as Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931, Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1917, and Echinorhyn chus salmonis Müller, 1784, are related to dietary sharing; and larval species such as Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920 and Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) are phylogenetically tied to perch but also to bird and fish definitive hosts. Variable patterns of dominance were dependent on trophic level and other host species in the system. As matrix fill increased with host age, the dependence of the parasite component communities on the given infracommunities decreased, confirming that predictable component communities depend on repetitive infracommunities. Shifts in dietary preference with age and (or) size and dietary sharing among host species were important in producing repetitive infracommunities. Host diet and age contributed significantly to the rate of parasite species accumulation. Parasite composition at the infracommunity scale changes with local community structure across the watershed and regardless of lake connectivity. The presence of ecologically derived parasite species is strongly influenced by local factors.

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Comparison of rumen microbe taxa among wild and domestic ruminants

10.32469/10355/48708 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Tasia Marie Taxis

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Host Species ◽

Plant Material ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Host Animal ◽

Domestic Ruminants ◽

Host Diet ◽

Rumen Microbe ◽

On Farm

Microbes that inhabit the rumen provide a diverse set of enzymes that degrade ingested plant material. Without microbes, ruminants could not survive. Our research has focused on identifying microbial taxa associated with environment and phenotypic traits of host animals in order to improve livestock production and efficiency. Rumen contents were collected from a total of 48 animals from five host species, both wild and domestic, consuming either a concentrate- or forage-based diet. The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of microbial taxa among host species and identify microbial taxa associated with host diet, species, and domestication status. DNA was extracted from rumen content and sequenced for identification of microbial taxa present within each host animal. The distribution of microbial taxa was similar among host species. Each host species contained a few highly abundant microbial taxa and many microbial taxa in lower abundance. As host species were added to the analysis, the total number of microbial taxa identified increased and the number of microbial taxa common among all host species decreased, supporting the existence of a core microbial community. In this study we identified 66, 73, and 23 microbial taxa that differed among host diet, species, and domestication status, respectively. While on farm implications are far from being offered, studies of the microbial community add to the breadth of knowledge and identify microbes associated with performance and efficiency of livestock.

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