Structuring mechanisms of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) parasite communities: host age, diet, and local factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1291-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W Johnson ◽  
Patrick A Nelson ◽  
Terry A Dick
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Shield Lakes

Seventeen parasite species were recovered from perch in four small Canadian Shield lakes with different fish species compositions. Parasite species such as Urocleidus adspectus Müller, 1936, Bunodera sacculata Van Cleave and Müller, 1932, and Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 are phylogenetically associated with perch and (or) percids; others, such as Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931, Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1917, and Echinorhyn chus salmonis Müller, 1784, are related to dietary sharing; and larval species such as Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920 and Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) are phylogenetically tied to perch but also to bird and fish definitive hosts. Variable patterns of dominance were dependent on trophic level and other host species in the system. As matrix fill increased with host age, the dependence of the parasite component communities on the given infracommunities decreased, confirming that predictable component communities depend on repetitive infracommunities. Shifts in dietary preference with age and (or) size and dietary sharing among host species were important in producing repetitive infracommunities. Host diet and age contributed significantly to the rate of parasite species accumulation. Parasite composition at the infracommunity scale changes with local community structure across the watershed and regardless of lake connectivity. The presence of ecologically derived parasite species is strongly influenced by local factors.

Living apart and having similar trouble: are frog helminth parasites determined by the host or by the habitat?

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Campião ◽  
O.T. Dias ◽  
R.J. Silva ◽  
V.L. Ferreira ◽  
L.E.R. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Host Habitat ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Leptodactylus Chaquensis

Sympatric hosts are exposed to similar ecological conditions, particularly if they are closely related phylogenetically and share some physiological and behavioral traits. We studied the sympatric frogs Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950 and Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862) to investigate the extent to which the helminth parasite communities were influenced by host species’ characteristics or habitat location. We described and compared the helminth communities of 50 L. chaquensis and 40 L. podicipinus collected concurrently from two different study sites in Brazil’s Pantanal floodplain. Similarities in the prevalence and mean abundance of helminths were higher among allopatric populations of the same species than among sympatric populations of different species. The effects of host species, size, and habitat on helminth composition were significant. The amount of variance in the helminth community composition explained by host species and size was greater than that explained by host habitat. These results indicate that the main factors determining similarities in parasite species in this study system are the coevolutionary and biological constraints of the host species, which either limit or allow infection of the parasite species despite the host habitat.

scholarly journals Component Endoparasite Communities Mirror Life-History Specialization in Syntopic Reed Frogs (Hyperolius spp.)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Ulrich Sinsch ◽  
Carsten Balczun ◽  
Patrick Scheid ◽  
Jonas Maximilian Dehling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
East African ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ecological Fitting ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Low Prevalence

Most of our knowledge on the processes structuring parasite communities in amphibians originate from temperate-zone taxa, whereas Afrotropical communities have been neglected so far. We found evidence that ecological fitting of the hosts and, probably, differential immune response may influence the variation in parasite species richness, prevalence, and infestation intensity of East African frogs Hyperolius kivuensis and H. viridiflavus. The most closely related host species share the same macrohabitat (that implies the same pool of potential parasites), but differ in microhabitat preference, so that a comparative analyses of syntopic and allopatric populations is expedient to reveal ecological fitting. We detected 11 parasite species (one annelid, four nematodes, five trematodes, one cestode) and two endocommensal species (protozoans). The component parasite communities included 4–5 helminth species in H. kivuensis and 6–8 in the more aquatic H. viridiflavus, supporting the hypothesis that trematode diversity increases with the amount of time spent in water. Five parasite species (Orneoascaris chrysanthemoides, Clinostomum chabaudi, an undetermined echinostomatid) and two protozoans (Nyctotheroides sp., and Protoopalina sp.) are shared among the syntopic amphibian populations. This finding indicates a similar susceptibility of these amphibians to infestation from the local parasite pool. Yet, the low prevalence of single- and multi-species infestations in H. kivuensis indicates that parasite clearing by its immune response is probably more effective and prominent than in H. viridiflavus. Therefore, H. viridiflavus suffered from significantly reduced short-term survival due to the infection. Thus, we conclude that the processes structuring component parasite communities in amphibians do not differ generally between temperate-zone and Afrotropical host species, but they do in the magnitude of ecological fitting.

Helminth communities of yellow perch (Perca flavescens (Mitchill)): determinants of pattern

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Carney ◽  
T A Dick
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Parasite Communities

Twenty-eight parasite species were recorded from 504 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from Dauphin Lake and Beaufort Lake, Manitoba, and Lake Winnebago, Green Bay, and Lake Michigan, Wisconsin. Four parasite species, Diplostomum spp., Urocleidus adspectus, Proteocephalus pearsei, and Raphidascaris acus, occurred in perch from all localities. Infracommunities and component communities were low in richness. The Dauphin Lake and Beaufort Lake samples had the richest parasite communities, while those in the Green Bay and Lake Michigan samples were the least rich. The effect of host size and age on parasite community structure was equivocal. A positive association between P. pearsei and Bothriocephalus cuspidatus and more multispecies infracommunities than expected provide evidence of nonrandom associations in the Manitoba samples, while the Wisconsin infracommunities were random associations. Significant infracommunity nestedness in all samples indicated nonrandom community organization and structure. Parasite faunas were richer in samples with complex invertebrate communities than in samples with complex fish communities. The trophic status of the aquatic system indirectly affected the parasite communities by limiting the variety of potential intermediate hosts. Predictions regarding relationships between parasite community structure and lake trophic status were not supported. We show that predictable patterns at the fine-scale local level of the parasite infracommunity and component communities of perch are best explained by a rich invertebrate community upon which the host feeds.

Endoparasite communities of five fish species (Labridae: Cheilininae) from Lizard Island: how important is the ecology and phylogeny of the hosts?

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MUÑOZ ◽  
A. S. GRUTTER ◽  
T. H. CRIBB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Host Characteristics

The parasite community of animals is generally influenced by host physiology, ecology, and phylogeny. Therefore, sympatric and phylogenetically related hosts with similar ecologies should have similar parasite communities. To test this hypothesis we surveyed the endoparasites of 5 closely related cheilinine fishes (Labridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. They were Cheilinus chlorourus, C. trilobatus, C. fasciatus, Epibulus insidiator and Oxycheilinus diagramma. We examined the relationship between parasitological variables (richness, abundance and diversity) and host characteristics (body weight, diet and phylogeny). The 5 fishes had 31 parasite species with 9–18 parasite species per fish species. Cestode larvae (mostly Tetraphyllidea) were the most abundant and prevalent parasites followed by nematodes and digeneans. Parasites, body size and diet of hosts differed between fish species. In general, body weight, diet and host phylogeny each explained some of the variation in richness and composition of parasites among the fishes. The 2 most closely related species, Cheilinus chlorourus and C. trilobatus, had broadly similar parasites but the other fish species differed significantly in all variables. However, there was no all-encompassing pattern. This may be because different lineages of parasites may react differently to ecological variables. We also argue that adult parasites may respond principally to host diet. In contrast, larval parasite composition may respond both to host diet and predator-prey interactions because this is the path by which many parasites complete their life-cycles. Finally, variation in parasite phylogeny and parasite life-cycles among hosts likely increase the complexity of the system making it difficult to find all-encompassing patterns between host characteristics and parasites, particularly when all the species in rich parasite communities are considered.

Role of ecology and phylogeny in determining tapeworm assemblages in skates (Rajiformes)

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beer ◽  
T. Ingram ◽  
H.S. Randhawa
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Average Body

AbstractAn understanding of the mechanisms that determine host and parasite relationships is a central aim in parasitology. Association of a parasite species with a host species may be influenced primarily by phylogenetic constraints that cause parasite species to co-speciate with their host species, or predominantly by ecological parameters that influence all other co-evolutionary scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the role of co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios in influencing the assemblages of tapeworm parasites (marine cestodes) in skate hosts (Rajiformes) using a modification of the PACo (Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny) method. The study found that phylogeny and host ecology are both significant predictors of skate–tapeworm relationships, implying that co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios are shaping these associations. The study also investigated the key ecological parameters influencing host-switching and found that host diet, distribution depth, average body size and geographical location have a combined effect. Given the importance of parasites in ensuring healthy and stable marine ecosystems, the findings of this study have implications for conservation management worldwide.

Parasite assemblages of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) – is depauperate composition explained by lack of parasite exchange, extreme environmental conditions or host unsuitability?

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KARVONEN ◽  
A. M. BAGGE ◽  
E. T. VALTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

Recent studies on parasite communities have considered the factors which contribute to variability in parasite infections among populations of one host species. This paper examined parasite assemblages of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) in a natural set-up of two distinctive environments inhabited by the same host species and differing in respect to composition of other fish species: ponds, where extreme conditions prevent other fish species from occurring and lakes, where crucian carp coexist with other fish species. Our aim was to evaluate the significance of parasite exchange, environmental conditions and host suitability for the depauperate parasite assemblages observed in pond crucian carp. As predicted, crucian carp had more diverse parasite species composition in lakes, which supports the hypotheses of increased opportunities for parasite exchange with other fish species and better environmental conditions for the parasites. However, for instance, diplostomids were found only from few fish individuals in very low numbers. Experimental exposure trials with the eye fluke Diplostomum spathaceum in the laboratory indicated that crucian carp were totally resistant to infection, which is exceptional and suggests that the low number of these parasites in crucian carp was due to physiological unsuitability of the host. To obtain a better understanding on the mechanisms underlying the formation of parasite assemblages in these fish, further studies on the relationships between the unique physiology of crucian carp and infection success by other parasite species are needed.

Metazoan Parasites and Health State of European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae), From Tonga Lake and El Mellah Lagoon in the Northeast of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bakaria ◽  
S. Belhaoues ◽  
N. Djebbari ◽  
M. Tahri ◽  
I. Ladjama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Health State ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Argulus Foliaceus

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine metazoans parasite communities of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in freshwater (Tonga Lake) and brackish water (El Mellah lagoon) in the northeast of Algeria. Six parasite taxa were collected: one monogenean, Pseudodactylogyrus sp.; two crustaceans, Ergasilus sp. and Argulus foliaceus; two nematodes, Cucullanus sp. and Anguillicola crassus; one cestode, Bothriocephalus claviceps. Th e most prevalent parasite taxa in freshwater were Pseudodactylogyrus sp., A. crassus and Bothriocephalus claviceps; whereas in the brackish water, eels were infected mainly with A. crassus. Th e characteristics of the parasite component community structure revealed low parasite species diversity and high dominance values in eels from the two localities. Both communities were dominated by a single parasite species: Tonga eels by the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. and El Mellah lagoon eels by the nematode A. crassus, verified by high Berger-Parker dominance values of 0.76 and 0.87 respectively.

Geographic and ontogenetic variations in parasite communities of intertidal fish species from the south-eastern Pacific coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Leiva ◽  
G. Muñoz ◽  
M.T. González
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Intertidal Fish ◽  
Mature Fish

Abstract Parasite composition can be affected by physiological and ecological changes during host ontogeny. Intertidal fish do not travel long distances and live in the same area throughout their lifetimes, meaning that parasite communities can differ across geographic ranges. The objective of this study was to analyse the parasite communities of three fish species (Hypsoblennius sordidus, Helcogrammoides cunninghami and Scartichthys viridis) collected from the Chilean coast. The composition of parasite species was compared among host ontogenetic stages (larvae, juveniles and mature fish) and geographic areas. A total of 184 larval, 252 juveniles and 217 mature individuals were collected in the northern area (c. 24°S), and 186 larval, 192 juveniles and 112 mature individuals from the central area (c. 33°S). Ectoparasites were most prevalent in fish from the central area, whereas endoparasites were most prevalent in the northern area. The parasite species richness varied significantly between geographical areas for H. sordidus and H. cunninghami, but the parasite composition varied significantly between geographical areas for all fish species analysed. Therefore, the geographical area was the most important factor determining the parasite composition of intertidal fish species. The absence of endoparasites in fish larvae and the increased infestation in juvenile and mature fish may be explained by the shift in habitat from the water column to intertidal pools where prey abundance and availability are higher. On the other hand, hydrographic barriers affecting prey distributions may also offer an explanation as to the differences in parasite composition.

scholarly journals Parasite species identity and local community diversity mediate effects of habitat fragmentation on bacterial microbiomes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A Speer ◽  
Tiago Teixeira ◽  
Alexis Brown ◽  
Susan Perkins ◽  
Katharina Dittmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Species Identity
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