Short‐term intestinal lipase inhibition in normal‐weight individuals does not affect postprandial peptide YY 3 ‐36 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels, hunger or satiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2503
Author(s):  
Nga N. Nguyen ◽  
Irina Kolobova ◽  
Bruce M. Wolfe ◽  
Jonathan Q. Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Lipase Inhibition

Effects of omega fatty acids on the short-term postprandial satiety related peptides in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Hizli Guldemir ◽  
Nihal Buyukuslu ◽  
Pakize Yigit ◽  
Cagri Cakici ◽  
Ekrem Musa Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Omega Fatty Acids ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract. We aimed to assess the effects of omega fatty acids on time depending on responses of satiety hormones. Sixty adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) groups. For each fatty acid, the dose of 400 mg/kg was applied by oral gavage. Blood samples were taken after the 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), leptin and insulin hormones were analyzed by ELISA. We observed the significant increases (p<0.05) of the levels of CCK between n-3 (ALA, at 60th min; EPA, at 30th and 60th min and DHA, at 60 min) and n-6 (LA) supplemented rats. The highest GLP-1 levels were in ALA (0.70 ng/mL) and DHA (0.67 ng/mL) supplemented groups at 60th and 120th min indicating n-3 fatty acids efficiency on satiety compared to LA. It seems that ALA at 60th min and EPA at 120th min could provide the highest satiety effect with the highest insulin response, while the efficiency of LA supplementation on insulin-induced satiety diminished. The only significant change in AUC values among all hormones was in the CCK of the ALA group (p=0.004). The level of leptin increased in DHA and EPA supplemented rats (p=0.140). Our results showed that dietary omega fatty acids influenced the releasing of hormones in different ways possibly depending on chain length or saturation degree. Comprehensive studies need to be addressed for each fatty acid on satiety-related peptide hormones.

scholarly journals Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Emptying and Hunger in Normal-Weight Humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3296-3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Levin ◽  
T. Edholm ◽  
P. T. Schmidt ◽  
P. Grybäck ◽  
H. Jacobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Context: Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa and increases gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis. Main Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of ghrelin on gastric emptying, appetite, and postprandial hormone secretion in normal volunteers. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects: Subjects included normal human volunteers and patients with GH deficiency. Intervention: Intervention included saline or ghrelin (10 pmol/kg·min) infusion for 180 min after intake of a radioactively labeled omelette (310 kcal) or GH substitution in GH-deficient patients. Main Outcome Measures: Measures consisted of gastric empty-ing parameters and postprandial plasma levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and motilin. Results: The emptying rate was significantly faster for ghrelin (1.26 ± 0.1% per minute), compared with saline (0.83% per minute) (P &lt; 0.001). The lag phase (16.2 ± 2.2 and 26.5 ± 3.8 min) and half-emptying time (49.4 ± 3.9 and 75.6 ± 4.9 min) of solid gastric emptying were shorter during ghrelin infusion, compared with infusion of saline (P &lt; 0.001). The postprandial peak in plasma concentration for cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 occurred earlier and was higher during ghrelin infusion. There was no significant effect of ghrelin on plasma motilin or peptide YY. There was no difference in gastric emptying before and after GH substitution. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ghrelin increases the gastric emptying rate in normal humans. The effect does not seem to be mediated via GH or motilin but may be mediated by the vagal nerve or directly on ghrelin receptors in the stomach. Ghrelin receptor agonists may have a role as prokinetic agents.

Comparative effects of intraduodenal protein and lipid on ghrelin, peptide YY, and leptin release in healthy men

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. R300-R304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina S. Ullrich ◽  
Bärbel Otto ◽  
Amy T. Hutchison ◽  
Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Intraduodenal infusion of lipid or protein potently reduces subsequent energy intake. There is evidence that the underlying mechanisms differ significantly between the two nutrients. While intraduodenal lipid stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 and CCK much more than protein, the release of insulin and glucagon is substantially greater in response to protein. Ghrelin and PYY are both involved in short-term regulation, while leptin is a long-term regulator, of energy balance; the acute effects of nutrients on leptin release are unclear. We investigated the comparative effects of intraduodenal lipid and protein on plasma ghrelin, PYY, and leptin concentrations. Thirteen lean, young men received 90-min intraduodenal infusions of protein (whey hydrolysate) or lipid (long-chain triglyceride emulsion) at a rate of 3 kcal/min, or saline control, on three separate days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and regularly during infusions. Both lipid and protein potently suppressed plasma ghrelin compared with control (both P < 0.001), with no difference between them. While both lipid and protein stimulated plasma PYY ( P < 0.001), the effect of lipid was substantially greater than that of protein ( P < 0.001). Neither intraduodenal lipid nor protein affected plasma leptin. In conclusion, intraduodenal lipid and protein have discrepant effects on the release of PYY, but not ghrelin. When considered with our previous findings, it appears that, with the exception of ghrelin, the energy intake-suppressant effects of lipid and protein are mediated by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Bile acids drive colonic secretion of glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. G574-G584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bayer Christiansen ◽  
Samuel Addison Jack Trammell ◽  
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Kristina Schoonjans ◽  
Reidar Albrechtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled

A large number of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1)- and peptide-YY (PYY)-producing L cells are located in the colon, but little is known about their contribution to whole body metabolism. Since bile acids (BAs) increase GLP-1 and PYY release, and since BAs spill over from the ileum to the colon, we decided to investigate the ability of BAs to stimulate colonic GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Using isolated perfused rat/mouse colon as well as stimulation of the rat colon in vivo, we demonstrate that BAs significantly enhance secretion of GLP-1 and PYY from the colon with average increases of 3.5- and 2.9-fold, respectively. Furthermore, we find that responses depend on BA absorption followed by basolateral activation of the BA-receptor Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5. Surprisingly, the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter, which serves to absorb conjugated BAs, was not required for colonic conjugated BA absorption or conjugated BA-induced peptide secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate that BAs represent a major physiological stimulus for colonic L-cell secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By the use of isolated perfused rodent colon preparations we show that bile acids are potent and direct promoters of colonic glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY secretion. The study provides convincing evidence that basolateral Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5 activation is mediating the effects of bile acids in the colon and thus add to the existing literature described for L cells in the ileum.

scholarly journals Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. G925-G930 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cuche ◽  
J. C. Cuber ◽  
C. H. Malbert
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Maximal Amplitude ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nervous and humoral pathways involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced ileal brake in conscious pigs. The role of extrinsic ileal innervation was evaluated after SCFA infusion in innervated and denervated Babkin's ileal loops, and gastric motility was measured with strain gauges. Peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were evaluated in both situations. The possible involvement of absorbed SCFA was tested by using intravenous infusion of acetate. Ileal SCFA infusion in the intact terminal ileum decreased the amplitude of distal and terminal antral contractions (33 ± 1.2 vs. 49 ± 1.2% of the maximal amplitude recorded before infusion) and increased their frequency (1.5 ± 0.11 vs. 1.3 ± 0.10/min). Similar effects were observed during SCFA infusion in ileal innervated and denervated loops (amplitude, 35 ± 1.0 and 34 ± 0.8 vs. 47 ± 1.3 and 43 ± 1.2%; frequency, 1.4 ± 0.07 and 1.6 ± 0.06 vs. 1.1 ± 0.14 and 1.0 ± 0.12/min). Intravenous acetate did not modify the amplitude and frequency of antral contractions. PYY but not GLP-1 concentrations were increased during SCFA infusion in innervated and denervated loops. In conclusion, ileal SCFA inhibit distal gastric motility by a humoral pathway involving the release of an inhibiting factor, which is likely PYY.

Differences in the Postprandial Release of Appetite-Related Hormones Between Active and Inactive Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-610
Author(s):  
Linn Bøhler ◽  
Sílvia Ribeiro Coutinho ◽  
Jens F. Rehfeld ◽  
Linda Morgan ◽  
Catia Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Random Order ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Active, as opposed to inactive, individuals are able to adjust their energy intake after preloads of different energy contents. The mechanisms responsible for this remain unknown. This study examined differences in plasma concentration of appetite-related hormones in response to breakfasts of different energy contents, between active and inactive men. Sixteen healthy nonobese (body mass index = 18.5–27 kg/m2) adult males (nine active and seven inactive) participated in this study. Participants were given a high-energy (570 kcal) or a low-energy (205 kcal) breakfast in a random order. Subjective feelings of appetite and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1, total peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin, and insulin were measured in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 hr, in response to both breakfasts. Mixed analysis of variance (fat mass [in percentage] as a covariate) revealed a higher concentration of active ghrelin and lower concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1, and cholecystokinin after the low-energy breakfast (p < .001 for all). Postprandial concentration of PYY was greater after the high energy compared with the low energy, but for inactive participants only (p = .014). Active participants had lower postprandial concentrations of insulin than inactive participants (p < .001). Differences in postprandial insulin between breakfasts were significantly lower in active compared with inactive participants (p < .001). Physical activity seems to modulate the postprandial plasma concentration of insulin and PYY after the intake of breakfasts of different energy contents, and that may contribute, at least partially, to the differences in short-term appetite control between active and inactive individuals.

scholarly journals Constitutional thinness and lean anorexia nervosa display opposite concentrations of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, and leptin

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Germain ◽  
Bogdan Galusca ◽  
Carel W Le Roux ◽  
Cecile Bossu ◽  
Mohammad A Ghatei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 contribute to decreased food intake after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Svane ◽  
N B Jørgensen ◽  
K N Bojsen-Møller ◽  
C Dirksen ◽  
S Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1
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