Incidence of diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected persons: the impact of clinical and therapeutic factors over time

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tripathi ◽  
A. D. Liese ◽  
J. M. Jerrell ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
A. A. Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada between 2001 and 2013: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e048744
Author(s):  
Andreea Bratu ◽  
Taylor McLinden ◽  
Katherine Kooij ◽  
Monica Ye ◽  
Jenny Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are increasingly at risk of age-related comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). While DM is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, understanding of DM among PLHIV is limited. We assessed the incidence of DM among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during 2001–2013.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study linking clinical data and administrative health data. We included PLHIV who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve at baseline, and 1:5 age-sex-matched persons without HIV. All participants had ≥5 years of historic data pre-baseline and ≥1 year(s) of follow-up. DM was identified using the BC Ministry of Health’s definitions applied to hospitalisation, physician billing and drug dispensation datasets. Incident DM was identified using a 5-year run-in period. In addition to unadjusted incidence rates (IRs), we estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression and assessed annual trends in DM IRs per 1000 person years (PYs) between 2001 and 2013.ResultsA total of 129 PLHIV and 636 individuals without HIV developed DM over 17 529 PYs and 88,672 PYs, respectively. The unadjusted IRs of DM per 1000 PYs were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2 to 8.8) among PLHIV and 7.2 (95% CI 6.6 to 7.8) for individuals without HIV. After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was not associated with DM incidence (adjusted IRR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27). DM incidence did not increase over time among PLHIV (Kendall trend test: p=0.9369), but it increased among persons without HIV between 2001 and 2013 (p=0.0136).ConclusionsAfter adjustment, HIV serostatus was not associated with incidence of DM, between 2001 and 2013. Future studies should investigate the impact of ART on mitigating the potential risk of DM among PLHIV.

scholarly journals The Impact of COPD in Trends of Urinary Tract Infection Hospitalizations in Spain, 2001–2018: A Population-Based Study Using Administrative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Javier de Miguel-Diez ◽  
Romana Albaladejo-Vicente ◽  
Domingo Palacios-Ceña ◽  
David Carabantes-Alarcon ◽  
José Javier Zamorano-Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

(1) Background: To examine trends in incidence and outcomes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among men and women with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to identify the predictors for in-hospital mortality (IHM). (2) Methods: We included patients (aged ≥40 years) who were hospitalized with UTIs between 2001 and 2018. Data were collected from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. (3) Results: We identified 748,458 UTI hospitalizations, 6.53% with COPD. The UTIs incidence increased over time. It was 1.55 times higher among men COPD patients than among non-COPD men (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.55; 95% CI 1.53–1.56). The opposite happened in women with COPD compared to non-COPD women (IRR 0.30; 95% CI 0.28–0.32). IHM was higher in men with COPD than non-COPD men (5.58% vs. 4.47%; p < 0.001) and the same happened in women (5.62% vs. 4.92%; p < 0.001). The risk of dying increased with age and comorbidity, but the urinary catheter was a protective factor among men (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.64–0.89). Multivariable analysis showed a significant reduction in the IHM over time for men and women with COPD. Suffering from COPD only increased the risk of IHM among men (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.13). (4) Conclusions: The incidence of UTIs increased over time. Suffering COPD increased the risk of IHM among men, but not among women.

scholarly journals Which body mass index is best associated with risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a Japanese-Brazilian population?

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Farah Simony ◽  
Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno ◽  
Sandra Roberta Gouveia Ferreira ◽  
Laércio Joel Franco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Brazilians ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different body mass index (BMI) ranges associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension in Japanese-Brazilians. This cross-sectional study was based on data from 1,330 Japanese-Brazilians > 30 years of age who participated in a population-based survey on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. Glucose tolerance status was classified according to WHO criteria and blood pressure levels according to the VI-JNC. Odds ratios for diabetes and hypertension were calculated for different BMI ranges; for different BMIs, sensitivity and specificity for percentiles 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95 were obtained. Increased odds ratios for diabetes mellitus and hypertension were observed with BMI values > 25kg/m². The 50th percentile corresponded to the highest sensitivity and specificity for the identification of risk for both diseases. Our results suggest that BMI values proposed by WHO should also be useful for this group of Japanese descendants in the assessment of risk for DM and hypertension.

scholarly journals Changes in health and functioning of care home residents over two decades: what can we learn from population based studies?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O Barker ◽  
Barbara Hanratty ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Sheena Ramsay ◽  
Fiona E Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Care Home ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Care Home Staff ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background Care home residents have complex care and support needs, as demonstrated by their vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a perception that the needs of residents have increased, but evidence is limited. We investigated changes in health and functioning of care home residents over two decades in England and Wales. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis over a 24-year period (1992-2016), using data from three longitudinal studies, the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS) I and II and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). To adjust for ageing of respondents over time results are presented for the 75-84 age group. Results Analysis of 2,280 observations from 1,745 care home residents demonstrated increases in severe disability (difficulty in at least two from washing, dressing and toileting). The prevalence of severe disability increased from 63% in 1992 to 87% in 2014 (subsequent fall in 2016 although wide confidence intervals). The prevalence of complex multimorbidity (problems in at least three out of six body systems) increased within studies over time, from 33% to 54% in CFAS I/II between 1992 and 2012, and 26% to 54% in ELSA between 2006 and 2016. Conclusion Over two decades, there has been an increase in disability and the complexity of health problems amongst care home residents in England and Wales. A rise in support needs for residents places increasing demands on care home staff and health professionals. This is an important concern for policymakers when considering the impact of COVID-19 infection in care homes.

The impact of diabetes mellitus on early cervical cancer in Αsia: A population-based cohort study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16501-e16501
Author(s):  
Hung-Yang Kuo ◽  
Zhong-Zhe Lin ◽  
Raymond Nienchen Kuo ◽  
Wen-Yi Shau ◽  
Chiu-Lin Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Cervical Cancer ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Proteinuria Is Associated with the Development of Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Seona Park ◽  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Hosim Soh ◽  
Jung Min Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aims: The impact of proteinuria and its severity on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been studied. We aimed to determine the association between proteinuria measured by urine dipstick tests and the development of IBD. Methods: This nationwide population-based study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. A total of 9,917,400 people aged 20 years or older who had undergone a national health examination conducted by the NHIS in 2009 were followed up until 2017. The study population was classified into four groups—negative, trace, 1+, and ≥ 2+—according to the degree of proteinuria measured by the urine dipstick test. The primary endpoint was newly diagnosed IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) during the follow-up period. Results: Compared with the dipstick-negative group, the incidence of CD significantly increased according to the degree of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 [0.703–1.451], 1.515 [1.058–2.162], and 2.053 [1.301–3.24] in the trace, 1+, and ≥ 2+ dipstick groups, respectively; p for trend 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of UC according to the degree of proteinuria (aHR with 95% CI, 1.12 [0.949–1.323], 0.947 [0.764–1.174], and 1.009 [0.741–1.373] in the trace, 1+, and ≥ 2+ dipstick groups, respectively; p for trend 0.722). In the subgroup analysis, dipstick-positive proteinuria independently increased the incidence of CD regardless of the subgroup. However, dipstick-positive proteinuria was associated with the risk of UC in those with diabetes mellitus and not in those without diabetes mellitus (aHR, 1.527 vs. 0.846; interaction p-value 0.004). The risk of CD was increased or decreased according to proteinuria changes but not associated with the risk of UC. Conclusion: Proteinuria, measured by the dipstick test, is strongly associated with the development of CD.

scholarly journals Discrepancies between observed data and predictions from mathematical modelling of the impact of screening interventions onChlamydia trachomatisprevalence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Smid ◽  
Christian L. Althaus ◽  
Nicola Low
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Partial Immunity

Mathematical modelling studies ofC. trachomatistransmission predict that interventions to screen and treat chlamydia infection will reduce prevalence to a greater degree than that observed in empirical population-based studies. We investigated two factors that might explain this discrepancy: partial immunity after natural infection clearance and differential screening coverage according to infection risk. We used four variants of a compartmental model for heterosexualC. trachomatistransmission, parameterized using data from England about sexual behaviour andC. trachomatistesting, diagnosis and prevalence, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for statistical inference. A model in which partial immunity follows natural infection clearance and the proportion of tests done in chlamydia-infected people decreases over time fitted the data best. The model predicts that partial immunity reduced susceptibility to reinfection by 72% (95% Bayesian credible interval 57-86%). The estimated screening rate was 4.6 (2.6-6.5) times higher for infected than for uninfected women in 2000; this decreased to 2.1 (1.4-2.9) in 2011. Other factors not included in the model could have further reduced the expected impact of screening. Future mathematical modelling studies investigating the effects of screening interventions onC. trachomatistransmission should incorporate host immunity and changes over time in the targeting of screening.

scholarly journals Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction - A Population-Based Study

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1359-1359
Author(s):  
Jens P Hellermann ◽  
Steven J Jacobsen ◽  
Barbara P Yawn ◽  
Susan Weston ◽  
Margaret M Redfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

P46 While heart failure (HF), an emerging epidemic, complicates myocardial infarction (MI), little is known on the predictors of HF post-MI, in particular the impact of reperfusion therapy. This population-based study was undertaken to examine the association between clinical characteristics and post-MI HF between 1979 and 1994. Hospitalized incident MIs were validated using enzymes, chest pain, and Minnesota coding of the ECG. Framingham criteria were used to ascertain both in- and outpatient HF. Proportional hazard regression was used to identify predictors of CHF. In the study period, 1657 patients (pts.) (mean age 67.2 ± 13.9 years, 43% women) had an incident MI. History of diabetes, hypertension and prior HF was found in 19%, 54% and 11% of pts respectively. After 5 years, 43% of pts had experienced HF. Factors independently associated with HF were (see table). There was a 2% decline per year in occurrence of HF. Adding reperfusion therapy in the model attenuated the association between year and HF (adjusted RR for reperfusion 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.84, p=0.006; adjusted for year 0.99; 95% CI 0.97, 1.01, p=0.37). Thus, while remaining frequent post-MI CHF has declined over time. Reperfusion therapy accounted for most of the effect of year. Table 1.

scholarly journals The impact of diabetes mellitus on cognitive decline in the oldest of the old: a prospective population-based study

Diabetologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van den Berg ◽  
A. J. M. de Craen ◽  
G. J. Biessels ◽  
J. Gussekloo ◽  
R. G. J. Westendorp
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Impact
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