scholarly journals A glimpse at the cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in neurological conditions. Does it help the clinician?

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING LIM
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins

The impact of hypoxia on blood-brain, blood-CSF and CSF-brain barriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff F. Dunn ◽  
Albert M Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Bacterial Toxin ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
High Altitude Cerebral Edema ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brain Barriers

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and CSF-brain barriers (CSFBB) are highly regulated barriers in the central nervous system comprising of complex multi-cellular structures that separate nerves and glia from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Barrier damage has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse hypoxia-related neurological conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus and high-altitude cerebral edema. Much is known about damage to the BBB in response to hypoxia but much less is known about the BCSFB and CSFBB. Yet it is known that these other barriers are implicated in damage after hypoxia or inflammation. In the 1950s, it was shown that the rate of radionucleated human serum albumin passage from plasma to CSF was 5-times higher during hypoxic than normoxic conditions in dogs, due to blood-CSF barrier disruption. Severe hypoxia due to administration of the bacterial toxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with disruption of the CSFBB. This review discusses the anatomy of the BBB, BCSFB and CSFBB, and the impact of hypoxia and associated inflammation on the regulation of those barriers.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in neurosyphilis.

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
F Gschnait ◽  
B L Schmidt ◽  
A Luger
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins

scholarly journals A CSF Shunt System for Liquorpheresis and CSF Replacement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Menéndez González
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Liquorpheresis (CSF filtration) comprises a therapeutical approach that has been proposed to treat several neurological conditions where antibodies, inflammatory mediators or abnormal peptides are the cause or play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Continuous or intermittent CSF replacement may be an alternative approach not explored so far.Here, we review previous experiences in the use of liquorpheresis in autoimmune and degenerative neurological diseases. Then we describe a bidirectional CSF shunt system allowing portable liquorpheresis. Alternatively, CSF can be replaced with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Both options would lead to mechanical dilution of the patient’s CSF.

Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin levels as markers of blood contamination: relevance for α-synuclein measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Paciotti ◽  
Erik Stoops ◽  
Cindy François ◽  
Giovanni Bellomo ◽  
Paolo Eusebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
L 62 ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Rbc Count

Abstract Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein (CSF α-syn) represents a possible biomarker in Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis. CSF blood contamination can introduce a bias in α-syn measurement. To date, CSF samples with a red blood cells (RBC) count >50 RBC × 106/L or haemoglobin (Hb) concentration >200 μg/L are excluded from biomarker studies. However, investigations for defining reliable cut-off values are missing. Methods We evaluated the effect of blood contamination on CSF α-syn measurement by a systematic approach in a cohort of 42 patients with different neurological conditions who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for diagnostic reasons. CSF samples were spiked with whole blood and serially diluted to 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 5, 0 RBC × 106/L. CSF α-syn and Hb levels were measured by ELISA. Results In neat CSF, the average concentration of α-syn was 1,936 ± 636 ng/L. This value increased gradually in spiked CSF samples, up to 4,817 ± 1,456 ng/L (+149% α-syn variation) in samples with 800 RBC × 106/L. We established different cut-offs for discriminating samples with α-syn level above 5, 10, and 20% variation, corresponding to a Hb (RBC) concentration of 1,569 μg/L (37 RBC × 106/L), 2,082 μg/L (62 RBC × 106/L), and 3,118 μg/L (87 RBC × 106/L), respectively. Conclusions Our data show the high impact of CSF blood contamination on CSF α-syn levels, highlighting the measurement of Hb concentration as mandatory when assessing CSF α-syn. The thresholds we calculated are useful to classify CSF samples for blood contamination, considering as reliable only those showing a Hb concentration <1,569 μg/L.

NUCLEASES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID I. RIBONUCLEASE IN NORMAL, NEUROLOGICALLY NORMAL, AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CSF'S

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Ribonuclease (RNA-ase) was investigated in 800 individual CSF samples. The uranylacetate precipitation technique of MacFadyen was used, followed by total acid soluble phosphorus determinations (King) before and after incubation. Normal and neurologically normal CSF's showed low RNA-ase activity. The values ranged under 20% substrate depolymerized in 24 hr. A few exceptions showing high values were encountered: one specimen each of acute nasopharyngitis, 25%; infectious mononucleosis, 28%; and myositis, 30%. The meningitis CSF's showed a wide range of RNA-ase activity, 0-50%. Poliomyelitis specimens exhibited uniformly the highest values, 15-52%. This high RNA-ase activity paralleled chronologically the chromatolysis of the motoneurons and is of special significance. In the syphilis group only the neurosyphilis samples presented moderately high activity, but rarely attained the levels observed in meningitis and in poliomyelitis. In miscellaneous neurological conditions the highest activity was found in a specimen from a case of genuine epilepsy. The findings are discussed in detail.

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