scholarly journals Mitochondrial inhibitor sodium azide inhibits the reorganization of mitochondria-rich cytoplasm and the establishment of the anteroposterior axis in ascidian embryo

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Ishii ◽  
Takuma Shirai ◽  
Chisato Makino ◽  
Takahito Nishikata
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Anteroposterior Axis ◽  
Ascidian Embryo ◽  
Mitochondrial Inhibitor

Anteroposterior patterning of the epidermis by inductive influences from the vegetal hemisphere cells in the ascidian embryo

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (22) ◽  
pp. 4955-4963 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wada ◽  
Y. Katsuyama ◽  
H. Saiga
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Anteroposterior Patterning ◽  
Anteroposterior Axis ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Adhesive Papillae ◽  
Ascidian Embryo

Patterning along the anteroposterior axis is a critical step during animal embryogenesis. Although mechanisms of anteroposterior patterning in the neural tube have been studied in various chordates, little is known about those of the epidermis. To approach this issue, we investigated patterning mechanisms of the epidermis in the ascidian embryo. First we examined expression of homeobox genes (Hrdll-1, Hroth, HrHox-1 and Hrcad) in the epidermis. Hrdll-1 is expressed in the anterior tip of the epidermis that later forms the adhesive papillae, while Hroth is expressed in the anterior part of the trunk epidermis. HrHox-1 and Hrcad are expressed in middle and posterior parts of the epidermis, respectively. These data suggested that the epidermis of the ascidian embryo is patterned anteroposteriorly. In ascidian embryogenesis, the epidermis is exclusively derived from animal hemisphere cells. To investigate regulation of expression of the four homeobox genes in the epidermis by vegetal hemisphere cells, we next performed hemisphere isolation and cell ablation experiments. We showed that removal of the vegetal cells before the late 16-cell stage results in loss of expression of these homeobox genes in the animal hemisphere cells. Expression of Hrdll-1 and Hroth depends on contact with the anterior-vegetal (the A-line) cells, while expression of HrHox-1 and Hrcad requires contact with the posterior-vegetal (the B-line) cells. We also demonstrated that contact with the vegetal cells until the late 32-cell stage is sufficient for animal cells to express Hrdll-1, Hroth and Hrcad, while longer contact is necessary for HrHox-1 expression. Contact with the A-line cells until the late 32-cell stage is also sufficient for formation of the adhesive papillae. Our data indicate that the epidermis of the ascidian embryo is patterned along the anteroposterior axis by multiple inductive influences from the vegetal hemisphere cells and provide the first insight into mechanisms of epidermis patterning in the chordate embryos.

Tetrazoloquinolines: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizk E. Khidre ◽  
Tahah A. Ameen ◽  
Mounir A. I. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Synthesis Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Cyclocondensation

This review summarizes the synthesis, reactions, and biological activities of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by several methods such as i) from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline with sodium azide ii) from diazotization 2-hydrazinylquinoline derivatives, and iii) from intramolecular cyclocondensation of 2-azidoarylidenes. Also, the chemical reactions and pharmacological activities of some tetrazoloquinolines such as tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-carbaldehyde, 5-chlorotetrazolo[ 1,5-a]quinoline, 4-(chloromethyl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline, tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline were discussed.

The preparation of 3-amino-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-L-erythrofuranose, 3-amino-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-threofuranose and their derivatives

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3378-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Jarý ◽  
Milena Masojídková ◽  
Ivan Kozák ◽  
Miroslav Marek ◽  
Jan Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Amino Derivatives

The title amino derivatives VI and XIV were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of p-toluenesulfonyl derivatives II and XVII with sodium azide or hydrazine and subsequent reduction. Nucleophilic substitution of compounds II and XVII with sodium benzoate was also investigated. The 1H NMR spectra of the substances prepared are discussed.

scholarly journals An efficient and practical chemo-enzymatic route to (3R,3aR,6R,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-6-amino-3-ol (6-aminoisomannide) from renewable sources

SynOpen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Zullo ◽  
Antonella Petri ◽  
Anna Iuliano
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Azido Group ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride ◽  
Enzymatic Route

The synthesis of 6-aminoisomannide is easily achieved starting from the renewable, inexpensive and commercially available isosorbide, in 66% overall yield. A biocatalysed highly regioselective acetylation of the 3-endo hydroxyl group of isosorbide was followed by the stereospecific interconversion of the 6-exo hydroxyl group into azido group, through reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride followed by nucleophilic displacement of the triflate group by sodium azide. Finally, reduction of the azido group and deacetylation of the 3-hydroxy group were performed one pot by using LiAlH4.

Mechanistic understanding of the Cu(i)-catalyzed domino reaction constructing 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole from electron-rich aryl bromide, alkyne, and sodium azide: a DFT study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanlin Gan ◽  
Liang Peng ◽  
Feng Long Gu
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Study ◽  
Domino Reaction ◽  
Aryl Bromide ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

The mechanism of the Cu(i)-catalyzed domino reaction furnishing 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole assisted by CuI and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) is explored with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Palladium Catalyzed Cascade Azidation/Carbonylation of Aryl Halides with Sodium Azide for the Synthesis of Amides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Qi ◽  
Shan‐Shan Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Qi Qin ◽  
Li‐Miao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Aryl Halides ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed
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