scholarly journals Neurodiverse transactional development may confound primary attachment inferences ‐ Commentary on Martin et al 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12953

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Green ◽  
Ming Wai Wan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Attachment

Primary Attachment Style Questionnaire Before Age 12

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith P. Salzman ◽  
Robert G. Kunzendorf ◽  
Eleanor Saunders ◽  
Deborah Hulihan
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Attachment Style Questionnaire

scholarly journals The Enterococcal Surface Protein, Esp, Is Involved in Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4538-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Toledo-Arana ◽  
Jaione Valle ◽  
Cristina Solano ◽  
Marı́a Jesús Arrizubieta ◽  
Carme Cucarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is a high-molecular-weight surface protein of unknown function whose frequency is significantly increased among infection-derived Enterococcus faecalisisolates. In this work, a global structural similarity was found between Bap, a biofilm-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus, and Esp. Analysis of the relationship between the presence of the Esp-encoding gene (esp) and the biofilm formation capacity in E. faecalis demonstrated that the presence of the esp gene is highly associated (P < 0.0001) with the capacity of E. faecalis to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface, since 93.5% of the E. faecalis esp-positive isolates were capable of forming a biofilm. Moreover, none of the E. faecalis esp-deficient isolates were biofilm producers. Depending on theE. faecalis isolate, insertional mutagenesis ofesp caused either a complete loss of the biofilm formation phenotype or no apparent phenotypic defect. Complementation studies revealed that Esp expression in an E. faecalis esp-deficient strain promoted primary attachment and biofilm formation on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride plastic from urine collection bags. Together, these results demonstrate that (i) biofilm formation capacity is widespread among clinical E. faecalis isolates, (ii) the biofilm formation capacity is restricted to the E. faecalis strains harboringesp, and (iii) Esp promotes primary attachment and biofilm formation of E. faecalis on abiotic surfaces.

scholarly journals Zona pellucida in the process of fertilization and mammal embryonal development

2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (03) ◽  
pp. 6626-2022
Author(s):  
JADWIGA JAWORSKA-ADAMU ◽  
ALEKSANDRA KRAWCZYK ◽  
KAROL RYCERZ
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Cortical Reaction ◽  
Embryonal Development ◽  
Acrosomal Reaction ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Internal And External Factors

In mammals, oocytes, fertilized eggs and pre-implantation embryos are surrounded by an acellular zona pellucida (zona pellucida – ZP). This structure has a fibro-spongy character but it undergoes constant modifications throughout its existence depending on many internal and external factors. ZP consists of glycoproteins marked as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4, the presence of which is species different. ZP1 and probably ZP4 molecules stabilize the fibrillary skeleton of the zona pellucida formed of ZP2 and ZP3 protein polymers which are ligands for specific spermatozoid receptors. The oligosaccharide chains of ZP3 are responsible for the primary attachment of the male gamete which induces the acrosomal reaction. ZP2 enhances this connection by secondary binding to an acrosome-free spermatozoid. Additionally, oviductal specific glycoprotein 1 which plays a role in interspecific oocyte-sperm interactions, appears around the postovulatory oocyte surrounded by ZP. In addition, this protein modifies the resistance of ZP to the action of proteases released as a result of the cortical reaction during polyspermia block. After fertilization, ZP not only protects the egg and then the embryo until implantation, but also has an embryotrophic effect. Understanding the molecular basics of the structure and properties of ZP can significantly improve animal fertility as well as reproductive rates.

Evidence for autolysin‐mediated primary attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis to a polystyrene surface

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heilmann ◽  
Muzaffar Hussain ◽  
Georg Peters ◽  
Friedrich Götz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Polystyrene Surface ◽  
Primary Attachment

Attachment figures in middle childhood

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley C. Seibert ◽  
Kathryn A. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Secure Base ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Sibling Status ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Important People ◽  
Older Siblings

Previous research has focused on who the primary attachment figures are for children in middle childhood, but there has been relatively little research on other important people who may fulfill attachment needs. The goal of the study was to identify who children use as non-parental attachment figures and to examine whether children's use varies with certain child characteristics. Children 7—12 years of age completed an open-ended interview to identify attachment figures. This study suggests that children may, at times, direct secure base behavior towards peers, siblings, grandparents, and teachers. The study also shows that the identity and use of attachment figures may vary with certain child characteristics such as age, gender, and sibling status. Older siblings were more likely than younger siblings to be used as attachment figures, and older children were more likely than younger children to turn to peers to fulfill attachment needs.

scholarly journals Essential Role for the Major Autolysin in the Fibronectin-Binding Protein-MediatedStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Phenotype

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Houston ◽  
Sarah E. Rowe ◽  
Clarissa Pozzi ◽  
Elaine M. Waters ◽  
James P. O'Gara
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusclinical isolates are capable of producing at least two distinct types of biofilm mediated by the fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) or theicaADBC-encoded polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Deletion of the major autolysin geneatlreduced primary attachment rates and impaired FnBP-dependent biofilm production on hydrophilic polystyrene in 12 clinical methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates but had no effect on PIA-dependent biofilm production by 9 methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) isolates. In contrast, Atl was required for both FnBP- and PIA-mediated biofilm development on hydrophobic polystyrene. Here we investigated the role of Atl in biofilm production on hydrophilic polystyrene. The alternative sigma factor σB, which represses RNAIII expression and extracellular protease production, was required for FnBP- but not PIA-dependent biofilm development. Furthermore, mutation of theagrlocus enhanced FnBP-dependent biofilm development, whereas asarAmutation, which increases protease production, blocked FnBP-mediated biofilm development. Mutation ofsigBin MRSA isolate BH1CC lowered primary attachment rates, in part via reducedatltranscription. Posttranslational activation or inhibition of Atl activity with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and polyanethole sodium sulfonate or mutation of the Atl amidase active site interfered with lytic activity and biofilm development. Consistent with these observations, extracellular DNA was important for the early stages of Atl/FnBP-dependent biofilm development. Further analysis ofatlregulation revealed thatatlRencodes a transcriptional repressor of the major autolysin and that anatlR::Tcrmutation in BH1CC enhanced biofilm-forming capacity. These data reveal an essential role for the major autolysin in the early events of the FnBP-dependentS. aureusbiofilm phenotype.

scholarly journals Kaempferol Inhibits the Primary Attachment Phase of Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Ming ◽  
Dacheng Wang ◽  
Fengjiao Cao ◽  
Hua Xiang ◽  
Dan Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Primary Attachment
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