scholarly journals The evolutionary origins of natural pedagogy: Rhesus monkeys show sustained attention following nonsocial cues versus social communicative signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Bettle ◽  
Alexandra G. Rosati
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Natural Pedagogy ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Communicative Signals ◽  
Nonsocial Cues

scholarly journals Intermittent stimulation in the nucleus basalis of meynert improves sustained attention in rhesus monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Liu ◽  
Jonathan Crawford ◽  
Patrick M. Callahan ◽  
Alvin V. Terry ◽  
Christos Constantinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Nucleus Basalis Of Meynert ◽  
Intermittent Stimulation

scholarly journals Common and distinct neurofunctional representations of core and social disgust in the brain: An ALE meta-analysis and MACM characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyang Gan ◽  
Xinqi Zhou ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Guojuan Jiao ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Response Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Communicative Signals ◽  
Core Disgust

ABSTRACTDisgust represents a multifaceted defensive-avoidance response. On the behavioral level, the response includes withdrawal and a disgust-specific facial expression. While both serve the avoidance of pathogens the latter additionally transmits social-communicative information. Given that common and distinct brain representation of the primary defensive-avoidance response (core disgust) and encoding of the social-communicative signal (social disgust) remain debated we employed neuroimaging meta-analyses to (1) determine brain systems generally engaged in disgust processing, and (2) segregate common and distinct brain systems for core and social disgust. Disgust processing, in general, engaged a bilateral network encompassing the insula, amygdala, occipital and prefrontal regions. Core disgust evoked stronger reactivity in left-lateralized threat detection and defensive response network including amygdala, occipital and frontal regions while social disgust engaged a right-lateralized superior temporal-frontal network engaged in social cognition. Anterior insula, inferior frontal and fusiform regions were commonly engaged during core and social disgust suggesting a common neural basis. We demonstrate a common and separable neural basis of primary disgust responses and encoding of associated social-communicative signals.

scholarly journals Scratching beneath the surface: intentionality in great ape signal production

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1789) ◽  
pp. 20180403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty E. Graham ◽  
Claudia Wilke ◽  
Nicole J. Lahiff ◽  
Katie E. Slocombe
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Communicative Signals

Despite important similarities having been found between human and animal communication systems, surprisingly little research effort has focussed on whether the cognitive mechanisms underpinning these behaviours are also similar. In particular, it is highly debated whether signal production is the result of reflexive processes, or can be characterized as intentional. Here, we critically evaluate the criteria that are used to identify signals produced with different degrees of intentionality, and discuss recent attempts to apply these criteria to the vocal, gestural and multimodal communicative signals of great apes and more distantly related species. Finally, we outline the necessary research tools, such as physiologically validated measures of arousal, and empirical evidence that we believe would propel this debate forward and help unravel the evolutionary origins of human intentional communication. This article is part of the theme issue ‘What can animal communication teach us about human language?’

scholarly journals Detecting joint attention events in mother-infant dyads: Sharing looks cannot be reliably identified by naïve third-party observers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255241
Author(s):  
Kirsty E. Graham ◽  
Joanna C. Buryn-Weitzel ◽  
Nicole J. Lahiff ◽  
Claudia Wilke ◽  
Katie E. Slocombe
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Mutual Awareness ◽  
The Look ◽  
Communicative Signals

Joint attention, or sharing attention with another individual about an object or event, is a critical behaviour that emerges in pre-linguistic infants and predicts later language abilities. Given its importance, it is perhaps surprising that there is no consensus on how to measure joint attention in prelinguistic infants. A rigorous definition proposed by Siposova & Carpenter (2019) requires the infant and partner to gaze alternate between an object and each other (coordination of attention) and exchange communicative signals (explicit acknowledgement of jointly sharing attention). However, Hobson and Hobson (2007) proposed that the quality of gaze between individuals is, in itself, a sufficient communicative signal that demonstrates sharing of attention. They proposed that observers can reliably distinguish “sharing”, “checking”, and “orienting” looks, but the empirical basis for this claim is limited as their study focussed on two raters examining looks from 11-year-old children. Here, we analysed categorisations made by 32 naïve raters of 60 infant looks to their mothers, to examine whether they could be reliably distinguished according to Hobson and Hobson’s definitions. Raters had overall low agreement and only in 3 out of 26 cases did a significant majority of the raters agree with the judgement of the mother who had received the look. For the looks that raters did agree on at above chance levels, look duration and the overall communication rate of the mother were identified as cues that raters may have relied upon. In our experiment, naïve third party observers could not reliably determine the type of look infants gave to their mothers, which indicates that subjective judgements of types of look should not be used to identify mutual awareness of sharing attention in infants. Instead, we advocate the use of objective behaviour measurement to infer that interactants know they are ‘jointly’ attending to an object or event, and believe this will be a crucial step in understanding the ontogenetic and evolutionary origins of joint attention.

Ritualization and social communication in Rhesus monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 251 (772) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
The Comparative Study

The concept of ritualization, as used in the study of the signal movements of lower vertebrates, refers primarily to the evolutionary changes which such movements have undergone in adaptation to their function in communication. In this context, the term is thus used in reference only to movements which have such a function, and only when there is evidence that the resultant signal has undergone changes which make it more effective in that role. Many movements which influence the behaviour of others (e.g. penile erection, eating and drinking in rhesus monkeys, according to Altman 1962) have apparently not been ritualized, though homologous movements in other species may have been (e.g. penile erection in squirrel monkeys (Ploog & Maclean 1963)). The changes involved have almost invariably been evolutionary ones, and thus reference to ritualization implies evidence that the properties of the signal have changed on an evolutionary time scale. This usually comes from the comparative study of contemporary closely related species. Just as the comparison, between related species, of morphological structures may suggest not only homologies but also views as to the evolutionary origins of the homologous structures, so also does comparison of patterns of behaviour. In addition, just as comparison within a species of related structures, such as the segmental limbs of a crustacean, or of different developmental stages of the same structure, can provide evidence of the course of evolution, so also can comparison of related movement patterns (e.g. Lorenz 1935, 1941; Tinbergen 1952, 1959, 1962).

Visual Observing by Rhesus Monkeys: Influence of Potentially Threatening Stimuli

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Haude ◽  
David H. Detwiler
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Threatening Stimuli

7 rhesus monkeys were afforded the opportunity to observe a series of projected color slides of other monkeys exhibiting five content categories of social-communicative behavior (submission, intense threat, mild threat, grooming, and neutral behavior) combined with two levels of familiarity (familiar vs unfamiliar) with reference to the animals depicted in the slides. Mean duration of observing was significantly influenced by the social-communicative content categories, while mean frequency of observing was significantly affected by the familiarity dimension. The data were discussed in terms of the threat potential or fear-arousing capacity of social stimuli in relation to visual observing.

Motor planning in primates

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Weiss ◽  
Kate M. Chapman ◽  
Jason D. Wark ◽  
David A. Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Goal Maintenance ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Evolutionary Foundation

AbstractVaesen asks whether goal maintenance and planning ahead are critical for innovative tool use. We suggest that these aptitudes may have an evolutionary foundation in motor planning abilities that span all primate species. Anticipatory effects evidenced in the reaching behaviors of lemurs, tamarins, and rhesus monkeys similarly bear on the evolutionary origins of foresight as it pertains to tool use.

Mother-Child Interaction in Preverbal Children with Down Syndrome

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Communicative Signals ◽  
Preverbal Children

The social-communicative transactions between 5 preverbal children with Down syndrome and their mothers were compared with those of 5 developmentally matched nonretarded child-mother dyads. Although overall similarities were evidenced, between-group differences were observed in the percentage of child-initiated social-communicative signals used and in the levels of contingent maternal responsiveness.

scholarly journals Linking language and categorization in infancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
BROCK FERGUSON ◽  
SANDRA WAXMAN
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Natural Pedagogy ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Power Of Language ◽  
Social Communicative

AbstractLanguage exerts a powerful influence on our concepts. We review evidence documenting the developmental origins of a precocious link between language and object categories in very young infants. This collection of studies documents a cascading process in which early links between language and cognition provide the foundation for later, more precise ones. We propose that, early in life, language promotes categorization at least in part through its status as a social, communicative signal. But over the first year, infants home in on the referential power of language and, by their second year, begin teasing apart distinct kinds of names (e.g. nouns, adjectives) and their relation to distinct kinds of concepts (e.g. object categories, properties). To complement this proposal, we also relate this evidence to several alternative accounts of language's effect on categorization, appealing to similarity (‘labels-as-features’), familiarity (‘auditory overshadowing’), and communicative biases (‘natural pedagogy’).

Continuous ICV infusion of scopolamine impairs sustained attention of rhesus monkeys

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Callahan ◽  
J.J. Kinsora ◽  
R.E. Harbaugh ◽  
T.M. Reeder ◽  
R.E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys
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