Developmental changes between childhood and adulthood in passive observational and interactive feedback-based categorization rule learning

Rubi Hammer; Jim Kloet; James R. Booth

doi:10.1111/desc.12338

Developmental changes between childhood and adulthood in passive observational and interactive feedback-based categorization rule learning

Developmental Science ◽

10.1111/desc.12338 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 967-981

Author(s):

Rubi Hammer ◽

Jim Kloet ◽

James R. Booth

Keyword(s):

Rule Learning ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Interactive Feedback

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Developmental changes in automatic rule‐learning mechanisms across early childhood

Developmental Science ◽

10.1111/desc.12700 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. e12700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jutta L Mueller ◽

Angela D Friederici ◽

Claudia Männel

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Rule Learning ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Learning Mechanisms

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Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076263 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 518-519

Author(s):

George G. Cocks ◽

Louis Leibovitz ◽

DoSuk D. Lee

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Crystal Orientation ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Gastrula Stage ◽

Orthorhombic Crystal ◽

Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Early Stages ◽

Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

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