Disclosures of harming others during their most recent drinking session: Findings from a large national study of heavy‐drinking adolescents

Changes in drinking as predictors of changes in sickness absence: a case-crossover study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jenni Ervasti ◽

Mika Kivimäki ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

Jaana I Halonen ◽

Jussi Vahtera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Control Period ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Short Term ◽

Case Crossover ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Case Period ◽

Drinking Session

BackgroundWe investigated whether changes in alcohol use predict changes in the risk of sickness absence in a case-crossover design.MethodsFinnish public sector employees were surveyed in 2000, 2004 and 2008 on alcohol use and covariates. Heavy drinking was defined as either a weekly intake that exceeded recommendations (12 units for women; 23 for men) or having an extreme drinking session. The responses were linked to national sickness absence registers. We analysed the within-person relative risk of change in the risk of sickness absence in relation to change in drinking. Case period refers to being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey and control period refers to not being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey.ResultsPeriods of heavy drinking were associated with increased odds of self-certified short-term (1–3 days) sickness absence (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38 for all participants; 1.62, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.21 for men and 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33 for women). A higher risk of short-term sickness absence was also observed after increase in drinking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and a lower risk was observed after decrease in drinking (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00). Both increase (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.57) and decrease (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.43) in drinking were associated with increased risk of long-term (>9 days) medically certified all-cause sickness absence.ConclusionIncrease in drinking was related to increases in short-term and long-term sickness absences. Men and employees with a low socioeconomic position in particular seemed to be at risk.

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Genetic Polymorphisms on OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, and COMT in Young Adults: Lack of Association With Alcohol Consumption

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.549429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Chung ◽

Warren B. Logge ◽

Benjamin C. Riordan ◽

Paul S. Haber ◽

Marilyn E. Merriman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Adult Males ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Drinking Session ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

Relationship Of

Background: Risk behaviors for young adults such as alcohol use are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patterns of risk behavior may be genetically determined and vary between genders. Previous studies in both young adults and heavy drinking adult samples have demonstrated that some genotypes, such as OPRM1 A118G, COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A and DRD4 C52IT, may predict addictive behaviors including alcohol consumption and impulsivity, although results have been mixed.Methods: This study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship of these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prospectively on student patterns of drinking using a micro-longitudinal daily diary design in a sample of 628 young adults ages 18–25 of predominantly of European ethnicity. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of SNPs on the number of drinks per drinking session with gender as a moderating variable.Results: There were no main effects for genotype on alcohol consumption, nor for gender × genotype for any of the SNPs. There was a trend for an effect of the DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day and for the interaction of gender and DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the DRD2 Taq1A, OPRM1 A118G, DRD4 C521T, or COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, are not associated with alcohol consumption in young adults, although there may be a relationship between DRD2 Taq1A and alcohol consumption in young adult males.

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