scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms on OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, and COMT in Young Adults: Lack of Association With Alcohol Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Chung ◽  
Warren B. Logge ◽  
Benjamin C. Riordan ◽  
Paul S. Haber ◽  
Marilyn E. Merriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drinking Session ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Risk behaviors for young adults such as alcohol use are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patterns of risk behavior may be genetically determined and vary between genders. Previous studies in both young adults and heavy drinking adult samples have demonstrated that some genotypes, such as OPRM1 A118G, COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A and DRD4 C52IT, may predict addictive behaviors including alcohol consumption and impulsivity, although results have been mixed.Methods: This study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship of these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prospectively on student patterns of drinking using a micro-longitudinal daily diary design in a sample of 628 young adults ages 18–25 of predominantly of European ethnicity. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of SNPs on the number of drinks per drinking session with gender as a moderating variable.Results: There were no main effects for genotype on alcohol consumption, nor for gender × genotype for any of the SNPs. There was a trend for an effect of the DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day and for the interaction of gender and DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the DRD2 Taq1A, OPRM1 A118G, DRD4 C521T, or COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, are not associated with alcohol consumption in young adults, although there may be a relationship between DRD2 Taq1A and alcohol consumption in young adult males.

scholarly journals Genetically Determined Physical Activity and Its Association with Circulating Blood Cells

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke M. Prins ◽  
M. Abdullah Said ◽  
Yordi J. van de Vegte ◽  
Niek Verweij ◽  
Hilde E. Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Genetically Determined

Lower levels of physical activity (PA) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Worldwide, there is a shift towards a lifestyle with less PA, posing a serious threat to public health. One of the suggested mechanisms behind the association between PA and disease development is through systemic inflammation, in which circulating blood cells play a pivotal role. In this study we investigated the relationship between genetically determined PA and circulating blood cells. We used 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with objectively measured PA levels to perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on circulating blood cells in 222,645 participants of the UK Biobank. For inverse variance fixed effects Mendelian randomization analyses, p < 1.85 × 10−3 (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value of 0.05/27 tests) was considered statistically significant. Genetically determined increased PA was associated with decreased lymphocytes (β = –0.03, SE = 0.008, p = 1.35 × 10−3) and decreased eosinophils (β = –0.008, SE = 0.002, p = 1.36 × 10−3). Although further mechanistic studies are warranted, these findings suggest increased physical activity is associated with an improved inflammatory state with fewer lymphocytes and eosinophils.

scholarly journals Changes in drinking as predictors of changes in sickness absence: a case-crossover study

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Ervasti ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Jaana I Halonen ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Case Period ◽  
Drinking Session

BackgroundWe investigated whether changes in alcohol use predict changes in the risk of sickness absence in a case-crossover design.MethodsFinnish public sector employees were surveyed in 2000, 2004 and 2008 on alcohol use and covariates. Heavy drinking was defined as either a weekly intake that exceeded recommendations (12 units for women; 23 for men) or having an extreme drinking session. The responses were linked to national sickness absence registers. We analysed the within-person relative risk of change in the risk of sickness absence in relation to change in drinking. Case period refers to being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey and control period refers to not being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey.ResultsPeriods of heavy drinking were associated with increased odds of self-certified short-term (1–3 days) sickness absence (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38 for all participants; 1.62, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.21 for men and 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33 for women). A higher risk of short-term sickness absence was also observed after increase in drinking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and a lower risk was observed after decrease in drinking (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00). Both increase (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.57) and decrease (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.43) in drinking were associated with increased risk of long-term (>9 days) medically certified all-cause sickness absence.ConclusionIncrease in drinking was related to increases in short-term and long-term sickness absences. Men and employees with a low socioeconomic position in particular seemed to be at risk.

scholarly journals College students’ attitudes towards prohealth behavior and alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (SUPPLEMENT 1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szwamel ◽  
Małgorzata Szerszeń ◽  
Joanna Siekierka ◽  
Agnieszka Kotowska
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances among students. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the level of pro-health behaviors among college students, and their opinions on alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy. Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students in Opole secondary schools. Diagnostic surveys were used, which included the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Results: Forty-six percent (n = 105) of the 228 students presented with very low levels of pro-health behaviors and 57.46% (n = 131) of students endorsed alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past. Most of the students (n = 215; 94.3%) claimed that a baby’s father should have an impact on pro-health behaviors of his pregnant female partner. There were, however, divergent opinions on the permissibility of alcohol consumption by a mother-to-be and a potential father while planning to become pregnant. The students were more likely to report that drinking is acceptable among potential fathers as compared to mothers (35.52% vs. 22.37%). Students also pointed out the need to spread knowledge about fetal alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Finally, students reported that their families and teachers were the best sources of knowledge on the potential harmful effects of alcohol, including FAS. Conclusions: There is high accessibility and social acceptance of alcohol consumption, in conjunction with low and average levels of pro-health behaviors among most young adults. Further, most young adults have experienced alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past and the opinions on the acceptance of alcohol consumption by potential fathers and mothers while planning a baby. Together, these patterns may be associated with an increased risk of FAS. The students pointed to a strong need for more information about FAS, and indicated that their families and schools as the most desired sources of this information. These results may can be used to create an educational strategy for students aimed at FAS prophylaxis.

Migraine, stroke, and the heart

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Simona Sacco ◽  
Antonio Carolei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Accumulating data have linked migraine to cerebrovascular and heart diseases. The relationship between migraine and stroke is complex and bidirectional. A stroke, either ischaemic or haemorrhagic, may produce symptoms mimicking a migraine attack; a migraine attack may mimic a stroke; migraine may be directly associated with an ischaemic stroke (migrainous infarction); migraine may represent a risk factor for stroke; several diseases, mostly genetically determined, include among their clinical manifestations attacks of migraine and stroke; lastly, migraine has been associated with subclinical infarct-like brain lesions and white matter hyperintensities. The risk of cardiac vascular events in migraineurs varies greatly among studies, ranging from a lower-than-average to a moderately increased risk as suggested by the most recent data. Initial evidence also suggested an association between migraine and patent foramen ovale, but this possibility has been recently challenged. The mechanisms underlying the relationship of migraine with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases are still cryptic and rather complex. In migraineurs, a heightened vigilance toward some comorbid risk factor is warranted together with caution in prescribing oral contraceptives.

Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case-control Study in a Japanese Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIKAKO KIYOHARA ◽  
MASAKAZU WASHIO ◽  
TAKAHIKO HORIUCHI ◽  
TOYOKO ASAMI ◽  
SABURO IDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective.Cigarette smoking may be associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas the role of alcohol consumption is unknown. We examined the association between SLE risk and smoking or drinking.Methods.We investigated the relationship of smoking and drinking compared to SLE risk among 171 SLE cases and 492 healthy controls in female Japanese subjects. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute OR and 95% CI, with adjustments for several covariates.Results.Compared with nonsmoking, current smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of SLE (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.86–5.03). The higher the level of exposure to cigarette smoke, the higher the risk of SLE. Inhalation was also associated with increased SLE risk (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.46–9.94 for moderate inhalation; OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.81–5.15 for deep inhalation). In contrast, light/moderate alcohol consumption had a protective effect on SLE risk (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19–0.76). As for beer, the risks for non-beer drinkers and beer drinkers were similar. This also applies to alcoholic beverages other than beer.Conclusion.Our results suggest that smoking was positively associated with increased SLE risk whereas light/moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with SLE risk, irrespective of the type of alcoholic beverage. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D pathway genes polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Ping Zhang ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Chen ◽  
Gen-You Zhang ◽  
Si-Jiu Shi ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vitamin D metabolic pathway genes with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods Nine hundred seventy-nine patients (490 PTB cases and 489 healthy controls) were included in this study. Seventeen SNPs of vitamin D metabolic pathway genes, including CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, GC, and DHCR7, were genotyped with improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). Results The GC rs3733359 GA, rs16847024 CT genotypes were significantly associated with the reduced risk of PTB, and the rs3733359 A, rs16847024 T alleles were also associated with the decreased PTB susceptibility. The GT genotype of GC rs4588 variant was significantly higher in patients with PTB when compared to controls. Moreover, the increased risk of rs3733359 and rs16847024 variants, and a decreased risk of rs4588, were found under the dominant mode among the PTB patients. However, there was no significant relationship of CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, and DHCR7 polymorphisms with the risk of PTB. In CYP27A1, the rs17470271 T and rs933994 T alleles were significantly associated with leukopenia, drug resistance in the PTB patients, respectively. In GC gene, the rs7041 and rs3733359 variants were found to be associated with pulmonary infection, fever in the PTB patients, respectively. The increased frequency of rs16847024 TT genotype was found in the PTB patients with fever and drug-induced liver damage. DHCR7 rs12785878 TT genotype, and T allele frequencies were both significantly associated with pulmonary infection in the PTB patients. The haplotype analysis showed that CYP24A1 TACT, CYP2R1 GGCT, GGAT, GC AATG haplotypes were related to PTB susceptibility. Conclusion Our study suggested that GC SNPs were associated with the genetic background of PTB. CYP27A1, GC, and DHCR7 genetic variations might contribute to several clinical phenotypes of PTB in Chinese.

scholarly journals 783Lifetime alcohol intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harindra Jayasekara ◽  
Robert MacInnis ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Allison Hodge ◽  
Hazel Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cardia Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancer sites but the evidence for stomach cancer is still inconclusive. We aimed to quantify the association between alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer, including subtypes. Methods We pooled data from two cohort studies including 452,958 individuals enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in 1992-98 and 38,756 Australians enrolled in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in 1990-94. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident stomach cancer were estimated using Cox regression. Results 1,225 incident stomach cancers were diagnosed over 7,094,637 person-years. Alcohol intake was not associated with overall stomach cancer risk. We observed a weak positive dose-response association for lifetime intake with non-cardia stomach cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06/per 10 g/day increment), which is the more common type (77.6% of cases), and a weak inverse association with cardia cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) (phomogeneity=0.006). These associations did not differ appreciably by smoking or Helicobacter pylori infection status. Differences in HRs between diffuse-type and intestinal-type cancer were minimal (phomogeneity=0.97). HRs of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.12-2.01) for non-cardia and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.27-1.02) for cardia cancer were observed for a life course trajectory characterised by sustained heavy drinking compared with light drinking (phomogeneity=0.01). Conclusions Lifetime alcohol intake was associated with increased risk of non-cardia stomach cancer. The inverse association for cardia cancer indicates aetiologic differences between subsites. Key messages Limiting long-term alcohol consumption, and avoiding heavy use in particular, might be beneficial in preventing non-cardia stomach cancer.

Longitudinal stability and change in consumption among female twins: Contributions of genetics

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Prescott ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractProblem alcohol use among women is increasingly recognized as an important public health and mental health issue. Younger women appear to be at increased risk for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems compared to women from earlier cohorts. Understanding the sources for inter- and intra-individual differences in alcohol consumption is an important first step in addressing these trends. We studied the sources underlying variation in alcohol consumption in a sample of 2,163 female twins born in Virginia between 1934 and 1970. Measures of past-year alcohol consumption quantity and frequency were obtained on two occasions across a 5-year interval. Quantity and frequency of consumption declined over age, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Intra-individual correlations over the interval were substantial for frequency of drinking (r = .62) and quantity consumed per drinking occasion (r = .56) but lower for quantity consumed weekly (r = .22). There was significant intrapair resemblance for all measures, with the drinking behavior of identical twin pairs being more similar than that of fraternal pairs. Twin analyses of patterns of change in consumption over a 5-year interval revealed little within-pair similarity in rate of change, with correlations ranging from .06 to .18, suggesting that among young adult to middle-aged women, determinants of changing alcohol consumption are largely individual-specific. There was some evidence for significant age interactions, with the role of individual-specific sources increasing over age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document