Skin pretreatment with microneedles prior to pilocarpine iontophoresis increases sweat production

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wing ◽  
Mark R. Prausnitz ◽  
Michael J. Buono
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Production ◽  
Pilocarpine Iontophoresis

scholarly journals Is active sweating during heat acclimation required for improvements in peripheral sweat gland function?

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R1082-R1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Buono ◽  
Travis R. Numan ◽  
Ryan M. Claros ◽  
Stephanie K. Brodine ◽  
Fred W. Kolkhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Pilocarpine Iontophoresis

We investigated whether the eccrine sweat glands must actively produce sweat during heat acclimation if they are to adapt and increase their capacity to sweat. Eight volunteers received intradermal injections of BOTOX, to prevent neural stimulation and sweat production of the sweat glands during heat acclimation, and saline injections as a control in the contralateral forearm. Subjects performed 90 min of moderate-intensity exercise in the heat (35°C, 40% relative humidity) on 10 consecutive days. Heat acclimation decreased end-exercise heart rate (156 ± 22 vs. 138 ± 17 beats/min; P = 0.0001) and rectal temperature (38.2 ± 0.3 vs. 37.9 ± 0.3°C; P = 0.0003) and increased whole body sweat rate (0.70 ± 0.29 vs. 1.06 ± 0.50 l/h; P = 0.030). During heat acclimation, there was no measurable sweating in the BOTOX-treated forearm, but the control forearm sweat rate during exercise increased 40% over the 10 days ( P = 0.040). Peripheral sweat gland function was assessed using pilocarpine iontophoresis before and after heat acclimation. Before heat acclimation, the pilocarpine-induced sweat rate of the control and BOTOX-injected forearms did not differ (0.65 ± 0.20 vs. 0.66 ± 0.22 mg·cm−2·min−1). However, following heat acclimation, the pilocarpine-induced sweat rate in the control arm increased 18% to 0.77 ± 0.21 mg·cm−2·min−1 ( P = 0.021) but decreased 52% to 0.32 ± 0.18 mg·cm−2·min−1 ( P < 0.001) in the BOTOX-treated arm. Using complete chemodenervation of the sweat glands, coupled with direct cholinergic stimulation via pilocarpine iontophoresis, we demonstrated that sweat glands must be active during heat acclimation if they are to adapt and increase their capacity to sweat.

Axillary hair removal with 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser increases sweat production

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Aydin ◽  
G. S. Pancar ◽  
N. Senturk ◽  
Y. Bek ◽  
E. P. Yuksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Hair Removal ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Axillary Hair

scholarly journals Finger Sweat Analysis Enables Short Interval Metabolic Biomonitoring in Humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brunmair ◽  
Laura Niederstaetter ◽  
Benjamin Neuditschko ◽  
Andrea Bileck ◽  
Astrid Slany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Interval Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures

AbstractMetabolic biomonitoring in humans is typically based on the sampling of blood, plasma or urine. Although established in the clinical routine, these sampling procedures are often associated with a variety of compliance issues and are impractical for performing time-course studies. The analysis of the minute amounts of sweat sampled from the fingertip enables a solution to this challenge. Sweat sampling from the fingertip is non-invasive and robust and can be accomplished repeatedly by untrained personnel. This matrix represents a rich source for metabolomic phenotyping, which is exemplified by the detection of roughly 50’000 features per sample. Moreover, the determined limits of detection demonstrate that the ingestion of 200 μg of a xenobiotic may be sufficient for its detection in sweat from the fingertip. The feasibility of short interval sampling of sweat from the fingertips was confirmed in three time-course studies after coffee consumption or ingestion of a caffeine capsule, successfully monitoring all known caffeine metabolites. Fluctuations in the rate of sweat production were accounted for by mathematical modelling to reveal individual rates of caffeine uptake, metabolism and clearance. Biomonitoring using sweat from the fingertip has far reaching implications for personalised medical diagnostics and biomarker discovery.

EFFECT OF AGE, SEX, AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS ON THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CONTENT OF HUMAN SWEAT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Charles C. Lobeck ◽  
Dorothy Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Pilocarpine Iontophoresis

The following observations were made on collections of sweat from 197 subjects without evidence of disease related to cystic fibrosis of the pancreas after production of localized sweating on the forearm by a standard pilocarpine iontophoresis procedure: 1. Sodium concentrations averaged less than 20 meq/l in children under 11 years of age, while in adults the average concentration rose to 45 meq/l. Sodium concentrations were less variable in children than in adults. Age variation in sodium concentration did not depend upon variation in the rate of sweating. 2. The average potassium concentration in all children and adult females was 11 meq/l. It was lower, 7 meq/l, in adult males. 3. Other sex differences, observed only in adults, were the higher rates of sweating and slightly higher sodium concentrations found in males. 4. Rates of sweating measured in children under 1 year of age were considerably more variable than those induced in older children or adults. Comparison of these data with observations from 34 children with cystic fibrosis revealed the following facts: 1. Children with this disease always had higher sodium concentrations than pre-pubertal control subjects. Twenty-nine per cent of adult control subjects had concentrations within the cystic fibrosis range. 2. Children with cystic fibrosis had a higher average potassium concentration, 15.0 meq/l, than control children. 3. No sex differences were observed within this group, and the same increased variability in rates of sweating induced in control infants was noted in infants with the disease. Observations on 53 parents and 18 siblings of the children with cystic fibrosis did not reveal any differences from control subjects of the same age. It was concluded that age, sex, and the presence of cystic fibrosis have a profound effect on the composition of sweat obtained after pilocarpine iontophoresis.

Transient heat loss analysis of fabrics using a dynamic sweating guarded hot plate protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1130-1140
Author(s):  
Courtney Oswald ◽  
Emiel DenHartog
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Guarded Hot Plate ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Sweat Production

Moisture management is important for the human comfort of clothing, especially while perspiring. Ideally, the fabric chosen for a garment enables moisture to migrate away from the skin surface, facilitating the liquid to be evaporated into the surrounding environment, which causes a cooling sensation for the wearer. This process is influenced by factors such as fiber type, fabric construction, and fabric treatments, all of which impact the resulting wicking and moisture management properties of the fabric. This research explored the heat loss associated with combined water absorption, wicking, and evaporative cooling during wetting of fabrics. A dynamic sweating guarded hot plate was used to measure transitional heat loss as water was introduced at a steady rate over a 65-minute testing period. The results on a cotton and polyester blend fabric as well as a wool fabric indicated that the liquid water absorption and transport processes significantly influence heat loss properties during this transition. However, the results also show novel aspects in the efficiency of cooling associated with the wicking of sweat and different stages of wetting of fabrics leading to different cooling power. Furthermore, this method raises questions as to whether current sweating guarded hot plate technologies are an appropriate representation of human sweat production or that the scalability of sweat production per unit area is limited. This developed testing method can be successful in quantifying the differences in transitional heat loss and will enable testing of fabrics for comfort in changing conditions.

Thermal sweating in different body regions of sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Rai ◽  
B. S. Mehta ◽  
M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Thermal Sweating

Although sheep combat thermal stress mainly by panting, a sizeable amount (40%) of total evaporative heat loss, is from sources other than panting (Hales & Brown, 1974). The frequency of sporadic discharge of sweat glands increases with increase in ambient temperature and is accompanied by a decline in respiration rate (Bligh, 1961). The wool coat can reduce evaporative cooling but sweating may have cooling value in sheep breeds with open fleeces (Rai, Singh & More, 1978). In sheep, the number and size of the sweat glands (Waites & Voglmayr, 1962) and the quantum of sweat production in a particular time period (Ghoshal et al. 1977) varies in different body regions. In view of the possible significance of surface evaporative cooling, thermal sweating in different body regions of sheep was investigated.

Effect of physical training on peripheral sweat production

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Buono ◽  
N. T. Sjoholm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Sedentary Women

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo secretory activity of sweat glands from sedentary and trained subjects. Peripheral sweat production was determined using pilocarpine iontophoresis in 40 volunteers (10 sedentary men, 10 endurance-trained men, 10 sedentary women, 10 endurance-trained women). Peripheral sweat rate was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in trained men [6.9 +/- 0.6 (SE) g.m2.min-1] and women (6.1 +/- 0.7) compared with sedentary men (3.1 +/- 0.5) and women (2.5 +/- 0.4). Furthermore, peripheral sweat rate was significantly correlated (r = 0.73) with maximal O2 uptake. The above two findings would suggest that physical training improves the secretory activity of the human sweat gland. Such a result supports previous findings that have suggested that the potentiation in sweating seen after training is achieved via a peripheral mechanism. In addition, several gender-related differences were found in the sudorific response of men and women. Specifically, women have a significantly greater sweat gland density, whereas men have a greater sweat production per gland.

scholarly journals Wilson protein expression, copper excretion and sweat production in sweat glands of Wilson disease patients and controls

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schaefer ◽  
Mavi Schellenberg ◽  
Uta Merle ◽  
Karl Heinz Weiss ◽  
Wolfgang Stremmel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Copper Excretion ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Wilson Protein
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