Effects of learning and adaptation on population viability

Abstract Background One of the most challenging tasks in wildlife conservation and management is clarifying which and how external and intrinsic factors influence wildlife demography and long-term viability. The wild population of the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) has recovered to approximately 4400, and several reintroduction programs have been carried out in China, Japan and Korea. Population viability analysis on this endangered species has been limited to the wild population, showing that the long-term population growth is restricted by the carrying capacity and inbreeding. However, gaps in knowledge of the viability of the reintroduced population and its drivers in the release environment impede the identification of the most effective population-level priorities for aiding in species recovery. Methods The field monitoring data were collected from a reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Ningshan, China from 2007 to 2018. An individual-based VORTEX model (Version 10.3.5.0) was used to predict the future viability of the reintroduced population by incorporating adaptive patterns of ibis movement in relation to catastrophe frequency, mortality and sex ratio. Results The reintroduced population in Ningshan County is unlikely to go extinct in the next 50 years. The population size was estimated to be 367, and the population genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.97. Sensitivity analysis showed that population size and extinction probability were dependent on the carrying capacity and sex ratio. The carrying capacity is the main factor accounting for the population size and genetic diversity, while the sex ratio is the primary factor responsible for the population growth trend. Conclusions A viable population of the Crested Ibis can be established according to population viability analysis. Based on our results, conservation management should prioritize a balanced sex ratio, high-quality habitat and low mortality.

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Costs of male infanticide for female capuchins: When does an adaptive male reproductive strategy become costly for females and detrimental to population viability?

American Journal of Physical Anthropology ◽

10.1002/ajpa.24354 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Linda M. Fedigan ◽

Jeremy D. Hogan ◽

Fernando A. Campos ◽

Urs Kalbitzer ◽

Katharine M. Jack

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Population Viability

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Thermal Requirements and Population Viability of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Neotropical Entomology ◽

10.1007/s13744-020-00825-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antone dos Santos Benedito ◽

Odair Aparecido Fernandes ◽

Claudia Pio Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Population Viability ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Chrysodeixis Includens

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THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION UPON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND VIABILITY OF THE YEAST CELL

Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjms52-071 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 561-570

Author(s):

J. G. Aldous ◽

D. K. R. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽

Population Viability ◽

Primary Site ◽

Hexokinase Activity ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Site Of Action ◽

Survival Level ◽

Nuclear Damage

Suspensions of the cells of baker’s yeast were irradiated with ultraviolet light for sufficient times to produce populations of 75, 50, 30, and 5% viable cells. After washing and drying, various enzyme solutions were prepared from these cells. Enzymatic activities, on a nitrogen basis, were compared to those of solutions prepared from a nonirradiated population. At the 50% survival level, hexokinase, carboxylase, and zymase were inhibited to a degree roughly proportional to the viability. Carboxylase, and to a certain extent, hexokinase activity varied directly as the population viability. Catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase showed no diminution in activity even at the 5% survival level. These results suggest that although ultraviolet radiation may produce nuclear damage, the primary site of action may be certain enzymes of the cytoplasm.

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