“Race and Housing Values: What Happens When Whites Don't All Move Out?”

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Moye ◽  
Melvin Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Black Residents

Previous research on neighborhood racial composition and housing values has demonstrated that as the proportion of Black residents in a neighborhood increases housing values lag. In this paper, we investigate whether there are neighborhood types or locations where racial diversity does not have a negative impact on housing values. This research contributes to the study of residential segregation by focusing on stable integrated neighborhoods. Using metropolitan Philadelphia as a strategic case, we compare stable, integrated neighborhoods to racially transitioning neighborhoods and predominantly White and Black neighborhoods. To do this, we comparatively examine housing prices and rates of home value appreciation from 1990 to 2005. We find that stable integrated neighborhoods have rates of appreciation slightly higher than predominantly White neighborhoods.

Do Restrictive Land Use Regulations Make Housing More Expensive Everywhere?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110435
Author(s):  
John Landis ◽  
Vincent J. Reina
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Home Values ◽  
Regulatory Measure

This study makes three contributions to the debate over the effect of local land use regulations on housing prices and affordability. First, it is more geographically extensive than previous studies, encompassing 336 of the nation's 384 metropolitan areas. Second, it looks at multiple measures of regulatory stringency, not just one. Most prior studies have focused either on a single regulatory measure or index across multiple metropolitan areas, or multiple regulatory measures in a single region. Third, this paper considers the connection between regulatory stringency and housing values as a function of employment growth and per-worker payroll levels. We find that restrictive land use regulations do indeed have a pervasive effect on local home values and rents, and that these effects are magnified in faster-growing and more prosperous economies. We also find more restrictive land use regulations are not associated with faster rates of recent home value or rent growth, and that their effects on housing construction levels—that is, the degree to which they constrain supply—is uneven among different housing markets.

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zoorob
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods

This comment reassesses the prominent claim from Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk (2016) (DPK) that 911 calls plummeted—and homicides surged—because of a police brutality story in Milwaukee (the Jude story). The results in DPK depend on a substantial outlier 47 weeks after the Jude story, the final week of data. Identical analyses without the outlier final week show that the Jude story had no statistically significant effect on either total 911 calls or violent crime 911 calls. Modeling choices that do not extrapolate from data many weeks after the Jude story—including an event study and “regression discontinuity in time”—also find no evidence that calls declined, a consistent result across predominantly black neighborhoods, predominantly white neighborhoods, and citywide. Finally, plotting the raw data demonstrates stable 911 calls in the weeks around the Jude story. Overall, the existing empirical evidence does not support the theory that publishing brutality stories decreases crime reporting and increases murders.

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from Smartphone Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
M. Keith Chen ◽  
Kareem Haggag ◽  
Devin G. Pope ◽  
Ryne Rohla
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shed Light

Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from hundreds of thousands of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Relative to entirely-white neighborhoods, residents of entirely-black neighborhoods waited 29% longer to vote and were 74% more likely to spend more than 30 minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties, and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to both measure and monitor these disparities going forward.

Home Is Where the Internet Is? High-speed Internet’s Impact on Rural Housing Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Conley ◽  
Brian E. Whitacre
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Rural Housing ◽  
Home Value ◽  
The Impact

The deployment of faster household Internet speeds enables new opportunities for entertainment, social interaction, and personal development, and many consider such access an essential component of everyday life. However, rural residents face lower availability, slower speeds and limited provider options, putting them at a disadvantage when compared to their urban counterparts. Connected rural households, especially those with higher speeds, may experience a premium on their home value. Data from the National Broadband Map, the Federal Communications Commission, and over 2,700 housing transactions from June 2011 to June 2017 are used to examine the impact of broadband availability on housing values in two rural Oklahoma counties via a hedonic price model. The results find no support for the existence of a broadband premium, and stress that differences across counties are crucial in assessing rural housing prices.

scholarly journals People use both heterogeneity and minority representation to evaluate diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. eabf2507
Author(s):  
Maria Abascal ◽  
Janet Xu ◽  
Delia Baldassarri
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Minority Representation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Conjoint Experiment

The term “diversity,” although widely used, can mean different things. Diversity can refer to heterogeneity, i.e., the distribution of people across groups, or to the representation of specific minority groups. We use a conjoint experiment with a race-balanced, national sample to uncover which properties, heterogeneity or minority representation, Americans use to evaluate the extent of racial diversity a neighborhood and whether this assessment varies by participants’ race. We show that perceived diversity is strongly associated with heterogeneity. This association is stronger for Whites than for Blacks, Latinos, or Asians. In addition, Blacks, Latinos, and Asians view neighborhoods where their own group is largest as more diverse. Whites vary in their tendency to associate diversity with representation, and Whites who report conservative stances on diversity-related policy issues view predominately White neighborhoods as more diverse than predominately Black neighborhoods. People can agree that diversity is desirable while disagreeing on what makes a community diverse.

School Catchment Zone Mergers and Housing Wealth Redistribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2110067
Author(s):  
Siu Kei Wong ◽  
Kuang Kuang Deng
Keyword(s):  
School Quality ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Wealth Redistribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Empirical Design

This study investigates how perceived school quality affects housing values, using a new estimation method. Our empirical design takes advantage of the mergers of school catchment zones initiated by the government to develop quasi-experiments. We find that, in zones that gained sudden access to higher ranked schools, housing prices increased by 1.3 to 4.1 percent. Larger and more expensive houses appreciated more in response to the improvement in perceived quality of available schools. The findings generate important policy implications regarding housing wealth redistribution and housing expenditures among different households. The study also enriches the literature on the capitalization effect of school quality.

scholarly journals Spatial Accessibility to Local Public Services in an Unequal Place: An Analysis from Patterns of Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Yasna Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Low Income Groups

The study of the relationship between the provision of local public services and residential segregation is critical when it might be the social manifestation of spatial income inequality. This paper analyzes how the spatial accessibility to local public services is distributed equitably among different social and economic groups in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MR), Chile. To accomplish this objective, I use accessibility measures to local public services such as transportation, public education, healthcare, kindergartens, parks, fire and police stations, cultural infrastructure, and information about housing prices and exempted housing units from local taxes by block, as well as quantile regressions and bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The main results confirm the accessibility to local public services is unequally distributed among residents. However, it affects more low-income groups who are suffering from significant deficits in the provision of local public services. In this scenario, poor residents face a double disadvantage due to their social exclusion from urban systems and their limited access to essential services such as education, healthcare, or transportation. In particular, I found that social residential segregation might be reinforced by insufficient access to local infrastructure that the most impoverished population should assume.

scholarly journals The Instability of Highly Racially Diverse Residential Neighborhoods in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wright ◽  
Mark Ellis ◽  
Steven R. Holloway ◽  
Gemma Catney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Diversity

This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse tracts were the exception rather than the rule. The vast majority of highly diverse tracts transitioned to that state from being predominantly White. Those that transitioned from being highly racially diverse were most likely to transition to being majority Latino. Although the absolute level of metropolitan racial diversity has no effect on the stability of high-diversity tracts, change in both metropolitan-scale racial diversity and population raise the probability of a tract’s transitioning to high diversity. Metropolitan-scale racial diversity did not affect the stability of highly diverse tracts, but it did alter the patterns of succession from them. The authors also found that highly diverse tracts were unstable and less likely to form in metropolitan areas with high percentages of Blacks. Increased metropolitan-level diversity mutes this Black population share effect by reducing the probability of high-diversity tract succession to a Black majority.

scholarly journals WILL THE HOUSING WEALTH EFFECT COMPENSATE THE MACRO-ECONOMY? EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN’S DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Hong-Jhong Cheng ◽  
Nan-Yu Wang ◽  
Chien-Wen Peng ◽  
Chih-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Housing Wealth Effect

This paper examines the relationship between the escalation in housing prices and categories of Taiwan’s domestic consumption. While disposable income remains constant, a rapid escalation in housing prices should have a negative impact on unaffordability within society. However, under the hypothesis of the housing wealth effect, an increase in housing values should compensate the macro-economy by increasing consumption in the GDP calculation. Taiwanese data from 2007Q1 to 2018Q1 were adopted as the sample. From the vector error correction model results, it was found that over the course of the long-run equilibrium relationship, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more on durable goods of communication-related nature, as well as on non-durable goods such as personal clothing and accessories and leisure/cultural tourism. As for the short-run dynamic adjustment, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more in the durable goods component categories. It was identified that transportationrelated consumption accounted for the major part of the durable goods component. Therefore, with the rapid escalation in housing prices, it was observed that these consumption would compensate the consumption figures in the GDP calculation in Taiwan, thereby providing evidence that housing prices were related to macroeconomic performance.

scholarly journals Racialized Discourse in Seattle Rental Ad Texts

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Kennedy ◽  
Chris Hess ◽  
Amandalynne Paullada ◽  
Sarah Chasins,
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Topic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Housing Segregation

Abstract Racial discrimination has been a central driver of residential segregation for many decades, in the Seattle area as well as in the United States as a whole. In addition to redlining and restrictive housing covenants, housing advertisements included explicit racial language until 1968. Since then, housing patterns have remained racialized, despite overt forms of racial language and discrimination becoming less prevalent. In this paper, we use Structural Topic Models (STM) and qualitative analysis to investigate how contemporary rental listings from the Seattle-Tacoma Craigslist page differ in their description based on neighborhood racial composition. Results show that listings from White neighborhoods emphasize trust and connections to neighborhood history and culture, while listings from non-White neighborhoods offer more incentives and focus on transportation and development features, sundering these units from their surroundings. Without explicitly mentioning race, these listings display racialized neighborhood discourse that might impact neighborhood decision-making in ways that contribute to the perpetuation of housing segregation.

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