scholarly journals Active form of vitamin D directly protects the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori Takahashi ◽  
Toshihiko Maeda ◽  
Yasuteru Sano ◽  
Hideaki Nishihara ◽  
Yukio Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Vascular pathology in multiple sclerosis: reframing pathogenesis around the blood-brain barrier

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I Spencer ◽  
Jack S Bell ◽  
Gabriele C DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Blood Brain

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has long been recognised as an important early feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Traditionally, this has been seen as a by-product of the myelin-specific immune response. Here, we consider whether vascular changes instead play a central role in disease pathogenesis, rather than representing a secondary effect of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration. Importantly, this is not necessarily mutually exclusive from current hypotheses. Vascular pathology in a genetically predisposed individual, influenced by environmental factors such as pathogens, hypovitaminosis D and smoking, may be a critical initiator of a series of events including hypoxia, protein deposition and immune cell egress that allows the development of a CNS-specific immune response and the classical pathological and clinical hallmarks of disease. We review the changes that occur in BBB function and cerebral perfusion in patients with MS and highlight genetic and environmental risk factors that, in addition to modulating immune function, may also converge to act on the vasculature. Further context is provided by contrasting these changes with other neurological diseases in which there is also BBB malfunction, and highlighting current disease-modifying therapies that may also have an effect on the BBB. Indeed, in reframing current evidence in this model, the vasculature could become an important therapeutic target in MS.

BREAKDOWN OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PRECEDES SYMPTOMS AND OTHER MRI SIGNS OF NEW LESIONS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Brain ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. KERMODE ◽  
A. J. THOMPSON ◽  
P. TOFTS ◽  
D. G. MACMANUS ◽  
B. E. KENDALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

Disease Duration, Relapse rate and Clinical Course in Multiple Sclerosis: Relation to IgG Production within the Blood Brain Barrier

1990 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Paolo Livrea ◽  
Maria Trojano ◽  
Isabella Laura Simone ◽  
Carlo Avolio ◽  
Francesca De Robertis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain
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