scholarly journals Cognitive and physical development in HIV-positive children in South Africa and Malawi: A community-based follow-up comparison study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sherr ◽  
I. S. Hensels ◽  
M. Tomlinson ◽  
S. Skeen ◽  
A. Macedo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Community Based

scholarly journals Augmentative and alternative communication in South Africa: Accessibility and implementation

1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Alant
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Training Evaluations

The paper deals with the development of a community-based service for the implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies for people with severely limited verbal expression. The concept of community-based intervention is explained and the process of training as done in the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication(CAAC), is described. Data of pre- and post-training evaluations is discussed as well as follow-up data obtained in the various training contexts. Finally, critical issues related to the follow-up data are discussed.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Predictors of Child Sexual Abuse in a Large Community-Based Sample of South African Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 2804-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Meinck ◽  
Lucie Dale Cluver ◽  
Mark Edward Boyes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Community Based

Sexual abuse has severe negative impacts on children’s lives, but little is known about risk factors for sexual abuse victimization in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined prospective predictors of contact sexual abuse in a random community-based sample of children aged 10 to 17 years ( N = 3,515, 56.6% female) in South Africa. Self-report questionnaires using validated scales were completed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up (96.8% retention rate). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between hypothesized factors and sexual abuse were examined. For girls, previous sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.03, 5.60]), baseline school dropout (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = [1.00, 6.19]), and physical assault in the community (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = [1.29, 3.48]) predicted sexual abuse at follow-up. Peer social support (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = [0.74, 0.98]) acted as a protective factor. Previous contact sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of subsequent sexual abuse victimization. In addition, peer support moderated the relationship between baseline assault and subsequent sexual abuse. For boys, no longitudinal predictors for sexual abuse victimization were identified. These results indicate that the most vulnerable girls—those not in school and with a history of victimization—are at higher risk for sexual abuse victimization. High levels of peer support reduced the risk of sexual abuse victimization and acted as a moderator for those who had experienced physical assault within the community. Interventions to reduce school drop-out rates and revictimization may help prevent contact sexual abuse of girls in South Africa.

scholarly journals The Linked Response: Lessons Emerging from Integration of HIV and Reproductive Health Services in Cambodia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna White ◽  
Thérèse Delvaux ◽  
Chhorvann Chhea ◽  
Sarun Saramony ◽  
Vichea Ouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

A qualitative assessment was made of service provider and user perceptions of the quality of integrated reproductive health services established through a pilot intervention in Cambodia. The intervention aimed to promote pregnant women's HIV testing and general utilization of reproductive health facilities as well as improve the follow-up of HIV-positive women and exposed infants through strengthened referral and operational linkages amongst health facilities/services and community-based support interventions for PLHIV. The study was conducted in one operational district where the intervention was piloted and for comparative purposes in a district where integrated services had yet to be implemented. Service providers in the pilot district reported improved collaboration and coordination of services, more effective referral, and the positive impact of improved proximity of HIV testing through integrated local level facilities. Community-based support teams for PLHIV embraced their expanded role, were valued by families receiving their assistance, and were understood to have had an important role in referral, PMTCT follow-up and countering PLHIV stigmatization; findings which underscore the potential role of community support in integrated service provision. Challenges identified included stigmatization of PLHIV by health staff at district hospital level and a lack of confidence amongst non-specialized health staff when managing deliveries by HIV-positive women, partly due to fear of HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Loss to follow-up before and after delivery among women testing HIV positive during pregnancy in Johannesburg, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Clouse ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
Kate Shearer ◽  
Mhairi Maskew ◽  
Jean Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Before And After

“What is the Point of Knowing?”: Psychosocial Barriers to HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counselling and Testing Programmes in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alta C. van Dyk ◽  
Peet J. van Dyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Voluntary Counselling ◽  
Psychosocial Barriers ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Voluntary Counselling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) programmes are regarded as an important strategy in the management of the HIV/AIDS pandemic worldwide. Such programmes, however, often have limited success due to various problems such as the existence of attitudes and beliefs that act as psychosocial barriers. This article, which presents a study of attitudes towards VCT in South Africa, attempts to ascertain the reasons for people's continued resistance to VCT programmes. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey the views of 1422 people. The results indicate that while the research participants, in principle, were not opposed to VCT, they professed a deep mistrust of health-care professionals, and feared discrimination and rejection by the latter, their sexual partners, and their communities. Participants did not know how to disclose their HIV-positive status, and were concerned about testing that did not include treatment and/or follow-up support, as well as their ability to deal with the ensuing psychological turmoil in the event of testing HIV-positive. The authors proposed various suggestions concerning how to improve VCT services in South Africa.

scholarly journals Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial (ASC-H) in HIV-positive women

CytoJournal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Michelow* ◽  
Ingrid Hartman ◽  
Doreen Schulze ◽  
Stella Lamla-Hillie ◽  
Sophie Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cytologic Diagnosis ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Cervical Smears ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Very High

Objective: South Africa has very high rates of both HIV infection and cervical pathology. The management of ASC-H is colposcopy and directed biopsy, but with so many women diagnosed with HSIL and a dearth of colposcopy centres in South Africa, women with cytologic diagnosis of ASC-H may not be prioritized for colposcopy. The aim of this study was to determine if HIV-positive women with a cytologic diagnosis of ASC-H should undergo immediate colposcopy or whether colposcopy can be delayed, within the context of an underfunded health care setting with so many competing health needs. Materials and Methods: A computer database search was performed from the archives of an NGO-administered clinic that offers comprehensive HIV care. All women with a cytologic diagnosis of ASC-H on cervical smears from September 2005 until August 2009 were identified. Histologic follow up was sought in all patients. Results: A total of 2111 cervical smears were performed and 41 diagnosed as ASC-H (1.94%). No histologic follow up data was available in 15 cases. Follow up histologic results were as follows: three negative (11.5%), five koilocytosis and/ or CIN1 (19.2%), ten CIN2 (38.5%) and eight CIN3 (30.8%). There were no cases of invasive carcinoma on follow up. Conclusion: The current appropriate management of HIV-positive women in low-resource settings with a diagnosis of ASC-H on cervical smear is colposcopy, despite the costs involved. In the future and if cost-effective in developing nations, use of novel markers may help select which HIV-positive women can be managed conservatively and which ones referred for more active treatment. More research in this regard is warranted.

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