scholarly journals Squalene epoxidase‐induced cholesteryl ester accumulation promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma development by activating PI3K/AKT signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 2275-2283
Author(s):  
Liming Li ◽  
Qingfeng Zhang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Huifen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation

scholarly journals Cell density can affect cholesteryl ester accumulation in the human THP-1 macrophage.

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1917
Author(s):  
A Rodriguez ◽  
S D Kafonek ◽  
A Georgopoulos ◽  
P S Bachorik
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation

Inhibitory Effects of HepG2 Cell-Derived Apolipoprotein A-I-Containing Lipoproteins on Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation in Macrophages†

Biochemistry ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (32) ◽  
pp. 9816-9825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kawano ◽  
Hideki Hakamata ◽  
Takao Ohta ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Masaki Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation

Squalene epoxidase drives NAFLD-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and is a pharmaceutical target

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (437) ◽  
pp. eaap9840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabin Liu ◽  
Chi Chun Wong ◽  
Li Fu ◽  
Huarong Chen ◽  
Liuyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)–induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an emerging malignancy in the developed world; however, mechanisms that contribute to its formation are largely unknown, and targeted therapy is currently not available. Our RNA sequencing analysis of NAFLD-HCC samples revealed squalene epoxidase (SQLE) as the top outlier metabolic gene overexpressed in NAFLD-HCC patients. Hepatocyte-specific Sqle transgenic expression in mice accelerated the development of high-fat, high-cholesterol diet–induced HCC. SQLE exerts its oncogenic effect via its metabolites, cholesteryl ester and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Increased SQLE expression promotes the biosynthesis of cholesteryl ester, which induces NAFLD-HCC cell growth. SQLE increased the NADP+/NADPH (reduced form of NADP+) ratio, which triggered a cascade of events involving oxidative stress–induced DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) expression, DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic silencing of PTEN, and activation of AKT-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In human NAFLD-HCC and HCC, SQLE is overexpressed and its expression is associated with poor patient outcomes. Terbinafine, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved antifungal drug targeting SQLE, markedly inhibited SQLE-induced NAFLD-HCC cell growth in NAFLD-HCC and HCC cells and attenuated tumor development in xenograft models and in Sqle transgenic mice. Suppression of tumor growth by terbinafine is associated with decreased cholesteryl ester concentrations, restoration of PTEN expression, and inhibition of AKT-mTOR, consistent with blockade of SQLE function. Collectively, we established SQLE as an oncogene in NAFLD-HCC and propose that repurposing SQLE inhibitors may be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD-HCC.

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