scholarly journals Occupational mobility and the returns to training

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gueorgui Kambourov ◽  
Iourii Manovskii ◽  
Miana Plesca
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Returns To Training

INTERGENERATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN 19TH-CENTURY SPAIN (VALENCIA), 1841-1870

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Carlos Santiago-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
International Markets ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Agrarian Capitalism

ABSTRACT This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.

scholarly journals Those who can't sort, steal: caste, occupational mobility, and rent-seeking in rural India

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-140
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lawson ◽  
Dean Spears
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Equilibrium Outcome ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Survey Question

AbstractThree important features of Indian labor markets enduringly coexist: rent-seeking, occupational immobility, and caste. These facts are puzzling, given theories that predict static, equilibrium social inequality without conflict. Our model explains these facts as an equilibrium outcome. Some people switch caste-associated occupations for an easier source of rents, rather than for productivity. This undermines trust between castes and shuts down occupational mobility, which further encourages rent-seeking due to an inability of workers to sort into occupations. We motivate our contribution with novel stylized facts exploiting a unique survey question on casteism in India, which we show is associated with rent-seeking.

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