Criteria for Determining Whether Certain Categories in a Cross-Classification Table Should Be Combined, with Special Reference to Occupational Categories in an Occupational Mobility Table

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Classification Table

Adjusting Trip Rates in the Cross-Classification Table by Using the Fuzzy Optimization Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 1836 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Shinya Kikuchi ◽  
Jongho Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Linear Programming Method ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Trip Production ◽  
Classification Table

Trip-production rates presented in cross-classification tables are essential data for the planner’s understanding of the travel characteristics of a region. Trip rates obtained from surveys, however, often show a pattern that is not consistent with what is expected by the analyst; for example, the greater the household size and auto ownership, the greater the number of trips generated. This pattern may not be found in the trip rates that are obtained directly by the survey. In such cases, analysts commonly adjust the irregularities manually. The way in which the values are adjusted affects the credibility of the trip table and, ultimately, the forecast travel demand. A method that adjusts the values of the trip table systematically is presented. The process uses the fuzzy linear programming method. The objective is to make the adjusted value as close to the observed value as possible. The constraints are to make the adjusted values adhere to the analyst’s general expectations about the pattern of the values in the table, and to match the number of trips estimated from the adjusted trip table with the actual number of trips surveyed. An application example that uses real-world data is given.

1. On the Assignment of Individuals to Latent Classes

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Dichotomous Variables ◽  
Classification Table

Consider an m-way cross-classification table (for m = 3, 4, …) of m dichotomous variables that describes (1) the 2m possible response patterns to a set of m questions (where the response to each question is binary), and (2) the number of individuals whose responses to the m questions can be described by a particular response pattern, for each of the 2m possible response patterns. Consider the situation where the data in the cross-classification table are analyzed using a particular latent class model having T latent classes (for T = 2, 3, …), and where this model fits the data well. With this latent class model, it is possible to estimate, for an individual who has a particular response pattern, what is the conditional probability that this individual is in a particular latent class, for each of the T latent classes. In this article, the following question is considered: For an individual who has a particular response pattern, can we use the corresponding estimated conditional probabilities to assign this individual to one of the T latent classes? Two different assignment procedures are considered here, and for each of these procedures, two different criteria are introduced to help assess when the assignment procedure is satisfactory and when it is not. In addition, we describe here the particular framework and context in which the two assignment procedures, and the two criteria, are considered. For illustrative purposes, the latent class analysis of a classic set of data, a four-way cross-classification of some survey data, obtained in a two-wave panel study, is discussed; and the two different criteria introduced herein are applied in this analysis to each of the two assignment procedures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document