A review of Gloger's rule, an ecogeographical rule of colour: definitions, interpretations and evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar Delhey
Keyword(s):  
Gloger’S Rule

Shallow genetic divergence and distinct phenotypic differences between two Andean hummingbirds: Speciation with gene flow?

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Palacios ◽  
Silvana García-R ◽  
Juan Luis Parra ◽  
Andrés M Cuervo ◽  
F Gary Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Divergence With Gene Flow ◽  
Neutral Markers

Abstract Ecological speciation can proceed despite genetic interchange when selection counteracts the homogenizing effects of migration. We tested predictions of this divergence-with-gene-flow model in Coeligena helianthea and C. bonapartei, 2 parapatric Andean hummingbirds with marked plumage divergence. We sequenced putatively neutral markers (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and nuclear ultraconserved elements [UCEs]) to examine genetic structure and gene flow, and a candidate gene (MC1R) to assess its role underlying divergence in coloration. We also tested the prediction of Gloger’s rule that darker forms occur in more humid environments, and examined morphological variation to assess adaptive mechanisms potentially promoting divergence. Genetic differentiation between species was low in both ND2 and UCEs. Coalescent estimates of migration were consistent with divergence with gene flow, but we cannot reject incomplete lineage sorting reflecting recent speciation as an explanation for patterns of genetic variation. MC1R variation was unrelated to phenotypic differences. Species did not differ in macroclimatic niches but were distinct in morphology. Although we reject adaptation to variation in macroclimatic conditions as a cause of divergence, speciation may have occurred in the face of gene flow driven by other ecological pressures or by sexual selection. Marked phenotypic divergence with no neutral genetic differentiation is remarkable for Neotropical birds, and makes C. helianthea and C. bonapartei an appropriate system in which to search for the genetic basis of species differences employing genomics.

scholarly journals Gloger's rule in plants: The species and ecosystem levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e1040968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simcha Lev-Yadun
Keyword(s):  
Gloger’S Rule

Testing the simple and complex versions of Gloger’s rule in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens, Thamnophilidae)

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael S Marcondes ◽  
Katherine Faust Stryjewski ◽  
Robb T Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Simple Version ◽  
South Central ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Gloger’S Rule

Abstract Gloger’s rule is a classic ecogeographical principle that, in its simplest version, predicts animals should be darker in warmer and wetter climates. In a rarely tested more complex version, it also predicts animals should be more rufous in warmer and drier climates. The Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) is a widely distributed South American passerine that presents an impressive amount of plumage color variation and occupies a wide variety of climatic conditions. Moreover, genetic and vocal evidence indicate ongoing hybridization in south-central Bolivia among 3 populations with very distinct plumages. We collected color data from 232 specimens from throughout this species’ distribution to test the predictions of Gloger’s rule. We found a negative correlation between brightness and precipitation, consistent with the simple version of Gloger’s rule. In contrast, we found that birds were darker in cooler climates, contrary to the simple version of Gloger’s rule, but consistent with recent findings in other taxa. We found support for both predictions of the complex Gloger’s rule and suggest it might be driven by background matching. We conclude by concurring with a recent suggestion that the simple version of Gloger’s rule should be reformulated exclusively in terms of humidity.

GLOGER'S RULE, FEATHER-DEGRADING BACTERIA, AND COLOR VARIATION AMONG SONG SPARROWS

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7383 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Burtt ◽  
Jann M. Ichida
Keyword(s):  
Color Variation ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Gloger’S Rule

scholarly journals Climate, crypsis and Gloger’s rule in a large family of tropical passerine birds (Furnariidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael S. Marcondes ◽  
Jonathan A. Nations ◽  
Glenn F. Seeholzer ◽  
Robb T. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Gloger’S Rule

AbstractGloger’s rule predicts endothermic animals should have darker colors under warm and rainy climates, but empirical studies have typically found that animals tend to be darker under cool and rainy climates. Moreover, Gloger’s rule has rarely been tested jointly with the prediction that animals occupying dark habitats should have darker colors to enhance crypsis. We aimed to disentangle the effects of climate and light environments (habitat type) as correlates of plumage brightness in a large Neotropical passerine family. We found that cooler and rainier climates are associated with darker plumage, even after accounting for habitat types, and that darker habitats are associated with darker plumage, even after accounting climate. There was an important interaction between precipitation and temperature, whereby the negative effect of temperature on brightness becomes stronger under cooler temperatures. Climate and light environments have separate but complementary effects in driving macroevolutionary patterns of plumage color variation in birds.

scholarly journals Ecotypic changes of alpine birds to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Delgado ◽  
Chiara Bettega ◽  
Jochen Martens ◽  
Martin Päckert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pertinent Question ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract In endotherm animals, several traits are related to climate. For example, Bergmann’s rule predicts a decrease in body size within species and across closely related species with increasing temperature, whereas Gloger’s rule states that birds and mammals should be darker in humid and warm environments compared to colder and drier areas. However, it is still not clear whether ecotypic responses to variation in the local environment can also apply to morphological and colouration changes through time in response to climate change. We present a 100-year-long time series on morphological and melanin-based colours of snowfinch (325 Montifringilla, 92 Pyrgilauda and 30 Onychostruthus) museum specimens. Here we show that the tarsus length of the species has decreased and the saturation of the melanin-based colour has increased, which was correlated with the increase of temperature and precipitations. As ecotypic variations are tightly linked to individual behavioural and physiological responses to environmental variations, differently sized and coloured individuals are expected to be differently penalized by global changes. This study opens the pertinent question about whether ecotypic responses can enhance population persistence in the context of global change.

Floral pigmentation patterns provide an example of Gloger's rule in plants

Nature Plants ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Koski ◽  
Tia-Lynn Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Gloger’S Rule

Ecology of Australian Chats (Epthianura Gould): Reproduction in Aridity.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Williams
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The four species of Australian chats differentially occupy arid regions and are considered to have problems of water balance during reproduction. They breed mainly during the winter semester, when ambient temperatures and vapour pressure deficit are lower and evaporative losses of body water are reduced. During a drought breeding is depressed; but chats breed opportunistically after abundant rainfall and exploit, by nomadism, the unpredictable rainfall in semiarid and arid Australia. The breeding season of the most mesic species, Epthianura albifrons, is reduced in the more xeric regions. In arid sympatric breeding areas the more xeric species have the more extended breeding seasons. Chats are territorial only during reproduction. The male protects the receptive female and the eggs and offspring, but not environmental resources. Territorial defence involves plumage pigmentation consistent with Gloger's rule, plumage patterns, postures and ritualized fighting displays. Territoriality and territorial behaviour are reduced in the more mesic species. This is consistent with relative rates of evaporative water loss, synchrony and apparent density of nesting, water requirements and physiological adaptation to aridity. A hypothesis is presented which suggests an adaptive hormonal mechanism relating to physiological adaptation to aridity and determining the different plumages.

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