scholarly journals Paradoxes of tumour complexity: somatic selection, vulnerability by design, or infectious aetiology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1088
Author(s):  
Péter Apari ◽  
Viktor Müller
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Selection ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

Infectious aetiology of childhood leukaemia

The Lancet ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 336 (8720) ◽  
pp. 944-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
F ALEXANDER ◽  
P MCKINNEY ◽  
I LANGFORD ◽  
G BENTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis associated with shock

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e235846
Author(s):  
Philippos Apolinario Costa ◽  
Bruna Menon Loureiro Apolinario Costa ◽  
Clara Milikowski ◽  
Joan E St Onge
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Erythematous Rash ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Exanthematous Pustulosis ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

A 23-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease was admitted to the hospital due to fever and shock, which occurred during his dialysis. One week prior, he developed an erythematous rash on his chest, face and back, associated with generalised eruption of pustules. In hospital, his status did not improve with norepinephrine and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics. Following this, methylprednisolone was administered with remarkable improvement. Cultures revealed no infectious aetiology. Based on the morphology of the rash and a compatible skin biopsy, the diagnosis of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) was established and considered the cause of his shock. The causative agent of his AGEP remained unknown. AGEP is a rare condition, most frequently associated with drug exposure. The removal of the offending agent is the treatment of choice. It can be complicated by shock in rare cases. In that scenario, systemic corticosteroids seem to improve outcomes greatly.

scholarly journals Bilateral liver metastases from testicular sex cord-stromal tumour

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e228857
Author(s):  
Vincent Palmieri ◽  
Husain Al-Mahmeed ◽  
Peter Metrakos
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Stromal Tumour ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

A 28-year-old man previously diagnosed and treated for testicular sex cord-stromal tumour (TSCST) presented with symptoms of fever, night sweats and fatigue. Following initial investigations for an infectious aetiology, imaging studies detected two large liver lesions. Histopathological assessment of the tumours revealed that they were metastases from the TSCST for which the patient had radical inguinal orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection 5 years prior. The curative-intent management of the bilobar liver metastases necessitated staged resection due to the chemoresistant and radioresistant properties of TSCST. The size of the lesions was such that procedures to induce rapid liver hypertrophy were required between surgeries. Both liver metastases were successfully removed following this approach. The patient remains recurrence-free 1 year after surgery and has maintained predisease levels of performance. Nevertheless, he continues to be followed for routine CT scans at regular intervals.

Antibody Levels to Herpes Simplex Type 1, Measles and Rubella Viruses in Psychiatric Patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (588) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Halonen ◽  
R. Rimon ◽  
Katve Arohonka ◽  
V. Jäntti
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

The systematic search of aetiological agents from a variety of slowly progressing or subacute neurological diseases has revealed causative viruses or virus-like agents from kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and other forms of presenile dementias, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive multifocal encephalopathy, and from many similar neurological diseases in animals (Gajdusek and Gibbs, 1973; Gajdusek, 1973). The first two diseases called subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies (Gajdusek and Gibbs, 1971) have many interesting features including heredo-familial occurrence and totally non-inflammatory neuropathology. Thus the epidemiology of these diseases is not typical for diseases with infectious aetiology, and the histopathological studies do not suggest the presence of extremely high-titred infectious material in brain cells.

Accumulation of mutations and somatic selection in aging neural stem/progenitor cells

Aging Cell ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Bailey ◽  
Alexander Y. Maslov ◽  
Steven C. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Somatic Selection

scholarly journals Intercellular competition and the inevitability of multicellular aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (49) ◽  
pp. 12982-12987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nelson ◽  
Joanna Masel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Multicellular Organism ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Somatic Selection

Current theories attribute aging to a failure of selection, due to either pleiotropic constraints or declining strength of selection after the onset of reproduction. These theories implicitly leave open the possibility that if senescence-causing alleles could be identified, or if antagonistic pleiotropy could be broken, the effects of aging might be ameliorated or delayed indefinitely. These theories are built on models of selection between multicellular organisms, but a full understanding of aging also requires examining the role of somatic selection within an organism. Selection between somatic cells (i.e., intercellular competition) can delay aging by purging nonfunctioning cells. However, the fitness of a multicellular organism depends not just on how functional its individual cells are but also on how well cells work together. While intercellular competition weeds out nonfunctional cells, it may also select for cells that do not cooperate. Thus, intercellular competition creates an inescapable double bind that makes aging inevitable in multicellular organisms.

Incidence of non-infectious ‘acute mastoiditis’ in children

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kontorinis ◽  
I Psarommatis ◽  
C Karabinos ◽  
Z Iliodromiti ◽  
M Tsakanikos
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Recurrent Case ◽  
Myelocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Infectious Aetiology

AbstractObjective:The temporal bone may be the first involved site in cases of systemic disease, and may even present with acute, mastoiditis-like symptomatology. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of such non-infectious ‘acute mastoiditis’ in children.Materials and methods:Retrospective chart review of 73 children admitted to a tertiary referral centre for acute mastoiditis.Results:In 71 cases (97.3 per cent), an infectious basis was identified. In the majority of cases (33 of 73; 45 per cent), the responsible bacteria was Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, histopathological studies revealed a non-infectious underlying disease (myelocytic leukaemia or Langerhans' cell histiocytosis) in two atypical cases (2.7 per cent).Conclusion:‘Acute mastoiditis’ of non-infectious aetiology is a rare but real threat for children, and a challenging diagnosis for otologists. A non-infectious basis should be suspected in every atypical, persistent or recurrent case of acute mastoiditis.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis is still a major cause of cervical lymphadenopathies in adults from developing countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HERNÁNDEZ-SOLÍS ◽  
R. CICERO-SABIDO ◽  
H. OLIVERA ◽  
V. RIVERO ◽  
E. RAMÍREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Infectious Aetiology ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Growth Indicator

To establish the frequency of infectious aetiology in Mexican adult patients with cervical lymphadenopathies (CLAs), 87 consecutive patients with enlarged cervical lymphatic nodes, HIV negative and without anti-tuberculous treatment, were selected from a tertiary-level speciality concentration hospital. Histopathological studies, investigation of acid-fast bacilli, cultures in Löwenstein–Jensen and Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) media, and in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with IS6110-based primers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were performed in resected lymphatic nodes. Non-infectious aetiology corresponded to 45 cases (52%). Tuberculosis was suspected in 42 cases (48%) by histology and confirmed positive results were obtained by staining in 8 (19%), by culture in 23 (55%), and by PCR in 34 (81%) patients. All were confirmed after therapeutic success. In addition to the epidemiological transition process occurring in Mexico, tuberculosis remains an important cause of CLA. Histopathology with confirmatory studies including PCR can detect tuberculous aetiology.

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