The role of causal models and beliefs in interpreting health claims

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Banks ◽  
Bernadette Egan ◽  
Charo E. Hodgkins ◽  
Matthew Peacock ◽  
Monique M. Raats
Keyword(s):  
Causal Models ◽  
Health Claims

The Role of Causal Models in Analogical Inference

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-844
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting WANG ◽  
Lei MO
Keyword(s):  
Causal Models ◽  
Analogical Inference

scholarly journals Polyphenols: From Theory to Practice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Alberto Bertelli ◽  
Marco Biagi ◽  
Maddalena Corsini ◽  
Giulia Baini ◽  
Giorgio Cappellucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Gender Characteristics

Background: The importance of polyphenols in human health is well known; these compounds are common in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, extra virgin olive oil and wine. On the other hand, the different factors that modulate the biological activity of these compounds are less well known. Conceptualization of the work: In this review we took into account about 200 relevant and recent papers on the following topics: “polyphenols bioavailability”, “polyphenols matrix effect”, “food matrix effect”, “polyphenols-cytochromes interaction”, after having reviewed and updated information on chemical classification and main biological properties of polyphenols, such as the antioxidant, anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activity, together with the tricky link between in vitro tests and clinical trials. Key findings: the issue of polyphenols bioavailability and matrix effect should be better taken into account when health claims are referred to polyphenols, thus considering the matrix effect, enzymatic interactions, reactions with other foods or genetic or gender characteristics that could interfere. We also discovered that in vitro studies often underrate the role of phytocomplexes and thus we provided practical hints to describe a clearer way to approach an investigation on polyphenols for a more resounding transfer to their use in medicine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Packaging Color and Health Claims on Product Attitude and Buying Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Theben ◽  
Melissa Gerards ◽  
Frans Folkvord
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Health Related ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Packaging design is an important factor when consumers look out for healthy food. The study tested for effects of packaging color and health claims of a fictional fruit yoghurt package on attitude towards the product and subsequently, consumer’s buying intention, using a 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design. We also tested whether interest in healthy food is a moderating factor. We found no evidence to support that visual cues (color) and textual cues (health-related advertising claims) are effective in influencing consumer attitude towards the product. Consumers did not show a more positive attitude towards products presented in low-arousal packaging colors (green/blue) compared to high arousal packaging colors (red/yellow). Also, the claim “palatability” did not result in a more positive attitude towards the product than the claim “healthy”. A moderating role of interest in healthy food could not be confirmed. The results confirmed, however, a significant relation of attitude towards the product and buying intention. Thus, buying intention could be explained mostly by whether consumers had a positive or negative attitude towards the product, which confirms that people’s attitudes are powerful predictors of buying decisions.

scholarly journals The role of conviction and narrative in decision-making under radical uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tuckett ◽  
Milena Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
The Future ◽  
Radical Uncertainty

We propose conviction narrative theory (CNT) to broaden decision-making theory in order to better understand and analyse how subjectively means–end rational actors cope in contexts in which the traditional assumptions in decision-making models fail to hold. Conviction narratives enable actors to draw on their beliefs, causal models, and rules of thumb to identify opportunities worth acting on, to simulate the future outcome of their actions, and to feel sufficiently convinced to act. The framework focuses on how narrative and emotion combine to allow actors to deliberate and to select actions that they think will produce the outcomes they desire. It specifies connections between particular emotions and deliberative thought, hypothesising that approach and avoidance emotions evoked during narrative simulation play a crucial role. Two mental states, Divided and Integrated, in which narratives can be formed or updated, are introduced and used to explain some familiar problems that traditional models cannot.

Concepts as Causal Models

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Rehder
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
Causal Relations

This chapter evaluates the case for treating concepts as causal models, the view that people conceive of a categories as consisting of not only features but also the causal relations that link those features. In particular, it reviews the role of causal models in categorization, the process of inferring an object’s category membership by observing its features. Reviewed studies include those testing categories that are either real world or artificial (made up of the experimenters) and subjects that are either adults or children. The chapter concludes that causal models provide accounts of causal-based categorization judgments that are superior to alternative accounts.

scholarly journals Estimation of Caffeine, Niacin and Calorie Content in Tea Commonly Consumed by Dhaka City Residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mb Hosen ◽  
Nc Karmokar ◽  
Mar Bhuiyan ◽  
J Khanam ◽  
Mk Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Health Claims ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
The World ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Tea is largest consuming drink in the world. Many health claims is attributed towards the tea due to its distinguished phytochemical array. Role of tea is well established as a neutraceutical and many studies elucidate its pharmacological worth. The objective of this study was to calculate the calorie content by determining total lipid, crude fiber, total protein and available carbohydrate contents and estimation of caffeine and niacin content in Bangladeshi teas. The lipid, crude fiber, protein and available carbohydrate contents of the tea samples were found to be in the range of 3.25-5.53, 10.15-15.41, 12.97-17.08 and 4.78-6.21 g/100g fresh weight respectively while calorie contents were found in the range of 83.54- 101.46 Kcal/100g fresh weight of tea. The total caffeine and niacin content in teas ranged from 1.31 - 3.58 and 0.038 – 0.056 g/100g fresh weight respectively. Tea leaf contained the highest amount of caffeine (3.58 g/100g) and niacin (0.056 g/100g). As tea has different health effects it is essential to estimate the update nutrient contents of tea.

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