Chronotypes and circadian rest‐activity rhythms in bipolar disorders: a meta‐analysis of self‐ and observer rating scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyrel Manon ◽  
Jan Scott ◽  
Bruno Etain
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Observer Rating ◽  
Rest Activity

scholarly journals An evidence map of actigraphy studies exploring longitudinal associations between rest-activity rhythms and course and outcome of bipolar disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Scott ◽  
Francesc Colom ◽  
Allan Young ◽  
Frank Bellivier ◽  
Bruno Etain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Background Evidence mapping is a structured approach used to synthesize the state-of-the-art in an emerging field of research when systematic reviews or meta-analyses are deemed inappropriate. We employed this strategy to summarise knowledge regarding longitudinal ecological monitoring of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) and disease modifiers, course of illness, treatment response or outcome in bipolar disorders (BD). Structure We had two key aims: (1) to determine the number and type of actigraphy studies of in BD that explored data regarding: outcome over time (e.g. relapse/recurrence according to polarity, or recovery/remission), treatment response or illness trajectories and (2) to examine the range of actigraphy metrics that can be used to estimate disruptions of RAR and describe which individual circadian rhythm or sleep–wake cycle parameters are most consistently associated with outcome over time in BD. The mapping process incorporated four steps: clarifying the project focus, describing boundaries and ‘coordinates’ for mapping, searching the literature and producing a brief synopsis with summary charts of the key outputs. Twenty-seven independent studies (reported in 29 publications) were eligible for inclusion in the map. Most were small-scale, with the median sample size being 15 per study and median duration of actigraphy being about 7 days (range 1–210). Interestingly, 17 studies comprised wholly or partly of inpatients (63%). The available evidence indicated that a discrete number of RAR metrics are more consistently associated with transition between different phases of BD and/or may be predictive of longitudinal course of illness or treatment response. The metrics that show the most frequent associations represent markers of the amount, timing, or variability of RAR rather than the sleep quality metrics that are frequently targeted in contemporary studies of BD. Conclusions Despite 50 years of research, use of actigraphy to assess RAR in longitudinal studies and examination of these metrics and treatment response, course and outcome of BD is under-investigated. This is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on case–control or cross-sectional studies of actigraphy, especially typical sleep analysis metrics in BD. However, given the encouraging findings on putative RAR markers, we recommend increased study of putative circadian phenotypes of BD.

scholarly journals 0897 Low Stability In Rest Activity Rhythms Is Associated With Higher Suicidal Ideation In Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A360-A361
Author(s):  
Qianyi Chen ◽  
Peter Franzen ◽  
Tina Goldstein ◽  
Sarah Gratzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Rest Activity

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Evidence for a Role of Rest-Activity Rhythms in Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Smagula ◽  
Swathi Gujral ◽  
Chandler S. Capps ◽  
Robert T. Krafty
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Rest Activity

Rest-activity rhythms in emerging adults: implications for cardiometabolic health

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Elissa K. Hoopes ◽  
Melissa A. Witman ◽  
Michele N. D’Agata ◽  
Felicia R. Berube ◽  
Benjamin Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Rest Activity

Antipsychotic drugs v. barbiturates or benzodiazepines used as active placebos for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 2622-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Siafis ◽  
Giacomo Deste ◽  
Anna Ceraso ◽  
Christian Mussoni ◽  
Antonio Vita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia

AbstractBackgroundComparisons of antipsychotics with placebo can be biased by unblinding due to side effects. Therefore, this meta-analysis compared the efficacy of antipsychotics for acute schizophrenia in trials using barbiturates or benzodiazepines as active placebos.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute schizophrenia with at least 3 weeks duration and comparing any antipsychotic with barbiturates or benzodiazepines were eligible. ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, WHO-ICTRP as well as previous reviews were searched up to 9 January 2018. Two separate meta-analyses, one for barbiturates and one for benzodiazepines, were conducted using random-effects models. The primary outcome was response to treatment, and mean values of schizophrenia rating scales and dropouts were analyzed as secondary outcomes. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018086263).ResultsSeven barbiturate-RCTs (number of participants n = 1736), and two benzodiazepine-RCTs (n = 76) were included in the analysis. The studies were published between 1960 and 1968 and involved mainly chronically ill patients. More patients on antipsychotics in comparison to barbiturates achieved a ‘good’ response (36.2% v. 16.8%; RR 2.15; 95% CI 1.36–3.41; I2 = 48.9) and ‘any’ response (57.4% v. 27.8%; RR 2.07; 95% CI 1.35–3.18; I2 = 68.2). In a single small trial (n = 60), there was no difference between antipsychotics and benzodiazepines on ‘any’ response (74.7% v. 65%; RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.82–1.62).ConclusionsAntipsychotic drugs were more efficacious than barbiturates, based on a large sample size. Response ratios were similar to those observed in placebo-controlled trials. The results on benzodiazepines were inconclusive due to the small number of studies and participants.

The association between rest-activity rhythms and glycemic markers: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Charles E Matthews ◽  
Mary Playdon ◽  
Cici Bauer
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Glycemic Markers ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract OBJECTIVES Previous studies conducted in mostly homogeneous sociodemographic samples have reported a relationship between weakened and/or disrupted rest-activity patterns and metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to examine rest-activity rhythm characteristics in relation to glycemic markers in a large nationally-representative and diverse sample of American adults. METHODS This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Rest-activity characteristics were derived from extended cosine models using 24-hour actigraphy. We used multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to assess the associations with multiple glycemic markers (i.e., glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and results from the oral glucose tolerance test), and compared the results across different categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity and body-mass index. RESULTS We found that compared to those in the highest quintile of F statistic , a model-fitness measure with higher values indicating a stronger cosine-like pattern of daily activity, participants in the lowest quintile (i.e, those with the weakest rhythmicity) were 2.37 times more likely to be diabetic (OR Q1 vs. Q5 2.37 (95% CI 1.72, 3.26), p-trend <.0001). Similar patterns were observed for other rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude (2.44 (1.60, 3.72)), mesor (1.39 (1.01, 1.91)), and amplitude:mesor ratio (2.09 (1.46, 2.99)), and delayed acrophase (1.46 (1.07, 2.00)). Results were consistent for multiple glycemic biomarkers, and across different sociodemographic and BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an association between weakened and/or disrupted rest-activity rhythms and impaired glycemic control among a diverse US population.

Emotional Intelligence and Attachment in Adulthood: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Walker ◽  
Kit S Double ◽  
Hannah Kunst ◽  
Michael Zhang ◽  
Carolyn MacCann
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Meta Regression

Attachment styles form during childhood emotional experiences. These experiences may be shaped by emotion-related traits such as how children interpret and regulate their own and others' emotions. These emotion-related traits appear in many emotional intelligence (EI) models, such that EI may relate to attachment styles. We conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the association between EI and attachment styles (26 studies, N = 6914). We include only non-clinical adult samples and validated psychometric assessments. We examine EI type as a moderator, comparing ability EI versus EI rating-scales using subgroups analysis and meta-regression. We find that lower anxious attachment is significantly associated with EI rating-scales (r = −0.25, k = 26) and ability EI (r = −0.16, k = 45), lower avoidant attachment is significantly associated with EI rating-scales (r = −0.36, k = 21) and ability EI (r = −0.21, k = 40), but secure attachment is significantly associated with EI rating-scales only (r = 0.31, k = 30). EI type significantly moderated the EI/avoidant attachment association only (β = −0.14, p = .01). We discuss possible mechanisms by which EI could influence early development of attachment styles (and vice-versa) while acknowledging that the causal direction underlying EI/attachment associations is unclear.

F4-05-02: CIRCADIAN REST/ACTIVITY RHYTHMS IN COGNITIVELY NORMAL OLDER ADULTS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH MRI-DERIVED BRAIN VOLUMES

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_26) ◽  
pp. P1389-P1390
Author(s):  
Adam P. Spira ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
Junrui Di ◽  
Mark N. Wu ◽  
Jennifer A. Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Rest Activity
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