The effect of high‐dose, short‐term caffeine intake on the renal clearance of calcium, sodium and creatinine in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Reuter ◽  
Hayley B. Schultz ◽  
Michael B. Ward ◽  
Crystal L. Grant ◽  
Gemma M. Paech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals The Impact of Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on the Exhaled Breath of Healthy Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Ariana Lammers ◽  
Anne H. Neerincx ◽  
Susanne J. H. Vijverberg ◽  
Cristina Longo ◽  
Nicole A. H. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
The Impact

Environmental factors, such as air pollution, can affect the composition of exhaled breath, and should be well understood before biomarkers in exhaled breath can be used in clinical practice. Our objective was to investigate whether short-term exposures to air pollution can be detected in the exhaled breath profile of healthy adults. In this study, 20 healthy young adults were exposed 2–4 times to the ambient air near a major airport and two highways. Before and after each 5 h exposure, exhaled breath was analyzed using an electronic nose (eNose) consisting of seven different cross-reactive metal-oxide sensors. The discrimination between pre and post-exposure was investigated with multilevel partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA), followed by linear discriminant and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, for all data (71 visits), and for a training (51 visits) and validation set (20 visits). Using all eNose measurements and the training set, discrimination between pre and post-exposure resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76–0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.75–0.92), whereas it decreased to 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48–0.84) in the validation set. Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution potentially influences the exhaled breath profiles of healthy adults, however, the effects may be minimal for regular daily exposures.

Pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide after short-term infusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K�hl ◽  
H. K�ppler ◽  
L. Schmidt ◽  
H. W. Fritsch ◽  
J. Holz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Short Term

Short-term corticosteroid therapy in childhood asthma

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
At Home

Attacks of asthma in most children are relatively mild, but in a few they are severe and potentially fatal.1 The severity of attacks can be reduced by β-adrenoceptor stimulants, theophylline compounds and sodium cromoglycate, but when these are not effective it may be necessary to give a corticosteroid continuously. For those children who develop a severe exacerbation despite maintenance treatment, or those who get infrequent but often severe attacks that do not respond to bronchodilators, a short high-dose course of a corticosteroid can be given, and many practitioners choose to give this to their patients at home.2 However since no trials of such treatment have been performed the benefit remains unproven.

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