scholarly journals Characteristic features of porcine endogenous retroviruses in Vietnamese native pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ishihara ◽  
Thanh Q. Dang‐Nguyen ◽  
Kazuhiro Kikuchi ◽  
Aisaku Arakawa ◽  
Satoshi Mikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Native Pigs

scholarly journals Insertional Variations of Two Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs) in Korean Native Pigs and Asian Wild Boars

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Jung ◽  
S. L. Yu ◽  
T. H. Kim ◽  
J. T. Jeon ◽  
C. Rogel-Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Korean Native Pigs ◽  
Native Pigs

Unexpected low expression of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in porcine expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs)

2021 ◽  
pp. 198295
Author(s):  
Luise Krüger ◽  
Monika Nowak-Imialek ◽  
Yannick Kristiansen ◽  
Doris Herrmann ◽  
Björn Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Low Expression

scholarly journals Absence of Replication-Competent Human-Tropic Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Germ Line DNA of Inbred Miniature Swine

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2502-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Scobie ◽  
Samantha Taylor ◽  
James C. Wood ◽  
Kristen M. Suling ◽  
Gary Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Dna Libraries ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Perv Transmission

ABSTRACT The potential transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) has raised concern in the development of porcine xenotransplantation products. Our previous studies have resulted in the identification of animals within a research herd of inbred miniature swine that lack the capacity to transmit PERV to human cells in vitro. In contrast, other animals were capable of PERV transmission. The PERVs that were transmitted to human cells are recombinants between PERV-A and PERV-C in the post-VRA region of the envelope (B. A. Oldmixon, J. C. Wood, T. A. Ericsson, C. A. Wilson, M. E. White-Scharf, G. Andersson, J. L. Greenstein, H. J. Schuurman, and C. Patience, J. Virol. 76:3045-3048, 2002); these viruses we term PERV-A/C. This observation prompted us to determine whether these human-tropic replication-competent (HTRC) PERV-A/C recombinants were present in the genomic DNA of these miniature swine. Genomic DNA libraries were generated from one miniature swine that transmitted HTRC PERV as well as from one miniature swine that did not transmit HTRC PERV. HTRC PERV-A/C proviruses were not identified in the germ line DNAs of these pigs by using genomic mapping. Similarly, although PERV-A loci were identified in both libraries that possessed long env open reading frames, the Env proteins encoded by these loci were nonfunctional according to pseudotype assays. In the absence of a germ line source for HTRC PERV, further studies are warranted to assess the mechanisms by which HTRC PERV can be generated. Once identified, it may prove possible to generate animals with further reduced potential to produce HTRC PERV.

Sequence Analysis of Proviral DNA of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610-4614 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Machnik ◽  
D. Sypniewski ◽  
Z. Wydmuch ◽  
K. Cholewa ◽  
U. Mazurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

scholarly journals Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Niebert ◽  
Ralf R. Tönjes
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Separate Event ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Different Suiformes with increasing phylogenetic distance to the common pig (Sus scrofa) were assayed for the presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in general (pol gene), while the distribution of long terminal repeat (LTR) types (with or without repeats in U3) and env genes (classes A, B, and C) were determined in detail. PERV was not detectable in the most distantly related species, while classes PERV-A and PERV-B are present in Suiformes originating in the Pliocene epoch, and class PERV-C was detectable only in S. scrofa and in closely related species originating in the Holocene epoch. This distribution pattern of PERV classes is in line with our previous study on the age of PERV (45) and suggests an African origin of about 7.5 million years ago (MYA) and a gradual spread of PERV through the Suiformes. It seems likely that PERV-C originated more recently (1.5 to 3.5 MYA) by recombination with a homologue of unknown descent, while the origin of the repeatless LTR was a separate event approximately 3.5 MYA.

scholarly journals Identification of R-peptides in envelope proteins of C-type retroviruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 2241-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bobkova ◽  
Joern Stitz ◽  
Martin Engelstädter ◽  
Klaus Cichutek ◽  
Christian J. Buchholz
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Cleavage ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
Protease Cleavage ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Spleen Necrosis Virus ◽  
Env Protein ◽  
Spleen Necrosis ◽  
Cleavage Motif

Activation of the murine leukaemia virus (MLV) envelope protein (Env) requires proteolytic cleavage of the R-peptide, a 16 amino acid C-terminal part of the cytoplasmic tail (C-tail) of Env. This paper demonstrates the presence of R-peptides in Env proteins of C-type retroviruses of simian, avian and porcine origin. Sequence alignment with the MLV C-tail led to the identification of a conserved hydrophobic protease cleavage motif located in the centre of retroviral Env protein C-tails. Expression of Env proteins, truncated at the predicted cleavage sites, of spleen necrosis virus (SNV), gibbon ape leukaemia virus and porcine endogenous retroviruses resulted in cell–cell fusion as monitored by microscopy and reporter gene fusion assays. Western blot analysis of MLV particles pseudotyped with the SNV Env protein demonstrated proteolytic cleavage of the SNV R-peptide by the MLV protease. Our data suggest that activation of membrane fusion by R-peptide cleavage is a common mode in C-type retroviruses.

scholarly journals Establishment and Characterization of Molecular Clones of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Replicating on Human Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 4028-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Czauderna ◽  
Nicole Fischer ◽  
Klaus Boller ◽  
Reinhard Kurth ◽  
Ralf R. Tönjes
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase Activity ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Class B ◽  
Pig Genome ◽  
Genetic Recombinant

ABSTRACT The use of pig xenografts is being considered to alleviate the shortage of allogeneic organs for transplantation. In addition to the problems overcoming immunological and physiological barriers, the existence of numerous porcine microorganisms poses the risk of initiating a xenozoonosis. Recently, different classes of type C porcine endogenous retoviruses (PERV) which are infectious for human cells in vitro have been partially described. We therefore examined whether completely intact proviruses exist that produce infectious and replication-competent virions. Several proviral PERV sequences were cloned and characterized. One molecular PERV class B clone, PERV-B(43), generated infectious particles after transfection into human 293 cells. A second clone, PERV-B(33), which was highly homologous to PERV-B(43), showed a G-to-A mutation in the first start codon (Met to Ile) of the env gene, preventing this provirus from replicating. However, a genetic recombinant, PERV-B(33)/ATG, carrying a restoredenv start codon, became infectious and could be serially passaged on 293 cells similar to virus clone PERV-B(43). PERV protein expression was detected 24 to 48 h posttransfection (p.t.) using cross-reacting antiserum, and reverse transcriptase activity was found at 12 to 14 days p.t. The transcriptional start and stop sites as well as the splice donor and splice acceptor sites of PERV mRNA were mapped, yielding a subgenomic env transcript of 3.1 kb. PERV-B(33) and PERV-B(43) differ in the number of copies of a 39-bp segment in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat. Strategies to identify and to specifically suppress or eliminate those proviruses from the pig genome might help in the production of PERV-free animals.

Screening pigs for xenotransplantation: expression of porcine endogenous retroviruses in transgenic pig skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek ◽  
Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik ◽  
Malgorzata W. Kimsa ◽  
Irena Blecharz ◽  
Joanna Gola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Transgenic Pig ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

scholarly journals Copy Number and Prevalence of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs) in German Wild Boars

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Luise Krüger ◽  
Milena Stillfried ◽  
Carolin Prinz ◽  
Vanessa Schröder ◽  
Lena Katharina Neubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Cellular Genes ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Different Populations

Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of pigs and are transmitted like cellular genes from parents to the offspring. Whereas PERV-A and PERV-B are present in all pigs, PERV-C was found to be in many, but not all pigs. When PERV-C is present, recombination with PERV-A may happen and the PERV-A/C recombinants are characterized by a high replication rate. Until now, nothing has been known about the copy number of PERVs in wild boars and little is known about the prevalence of the phylogenetically youngest PERV-C in ancient wild boars. Here we investigated for the first time the copy number of PERVs in different populations of wild boars in and around Berlin using droplet digital PCR. Copy numbers between 3 and 69 per genome have been measured. A lower number but a higher variability was found compared to domestic pigs, including minipigs reported earlier (Fiebig et al., Xenotransplantation, 2018). The wild boar populations differed genetically and had been isolated during the existence of the Berlin wall. Despite this, the variations in copy number were larger in a single population compared to the differences between the populations. PERV-C was found in all 92 analyzed animals. Differences in the copy number of PERV in different organs of a single wild boar indicate that PERVs are also active in wild boars, replicating and infecting new cells as has been shown in domestic pigs.

Pre-screening of miniature swine may reduce the risk of transmitting human tropic recombinant porcine endogenous retroviruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Hector ◽  
Sharon Meikle ◽  
Louise Grant ◽  
Robert A. Wilkinson ◽  
Jay A. Fishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses
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