scholarly journals Microbial translocation and T cell activation are modified by direct-acting antiviral therapy in HCV-infected patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lattanzi ◽  
Silvia Baroncelli ◽  
Adriano De Santis ◽  
Clementina Maria Galluzzo ◽  
Gianluca Mennini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting

scholarly journals T-cell Activation Is Correlated With Monocyte Activation in HCV/HIV Coinfection and Declines During HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann W N Auma ◽  
Carey Shive ◽  
Sofi Damjanovska ◽  
Corinne Kowal ◽  
Daniel E Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Monocyte Subset ◽  
Monocyte Activation ◽  
Memory T Cell ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Background Immune activation markers associate with morbidity and mortality in HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated how T-cell and monocyte activation are related over the course of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy during HCV/HIV coinfection. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5329 participants and a single-site separate cohort treated with DAAs were analyzed for central memory (CM)/effector memory (EM) T-cell subsets, monocyte subsets, and cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR expression) before, during, and after therapy. Results Before therapy, classical and inflammatory monocyte subset HLA-DR expression positively correlated with absolute counts and frequencies of CD38+HLA-DR+-expressing CD4+ and CD8 T cells and corresponding CM and EM subsets. After therapy initiation, CD38+HLA-DR+ co-expression on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells decreased by 12 weeks and 36 weeks, and plasma sCD14 positively correlated with CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD4+CM T-cell frequencies. Monocyte subset activation remained similar over time. Conclusions During HCV/HIV coinfection, memory T-cell activation is associated with monocyte subset activation, consistent with related underlying mechanisms. Following therapy initiation, memory T-cell, but not monocyte, activation decreased. Residual CD4+ T-cell activation after therapy completion is associated with sCD14, potentially linking the remaining CD4+ T-cell activation to residual factors driving activation in antiretroviral therapy–controlled HIV.

Persistent gamma delta T‐cell dysfunction in HCV/HIV co‐infection despite direct‐acting antiviral therapy‐induced cure

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cimini ◽  
Alessandra Sacchi ◽  
Germana Grassi ◽  
Rita Casetti ◽  
Stefania Notari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
T Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cell

scholarly journals Antibody Response to Achromobacter xylosoxidans during HIV Infection Is Associated with Lower CD4 Levels and Increased Lymphocyte Activation

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick T. Tatro ◽  
Intan Purnajo ◽  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Davey M. Smith ◽  
Sara Gianella
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACTInflammation during HIV infection is associated with worse disease outcomes and progression. Many mechanisms have been indicted, including HIV itself, coinfections, and gut microbial translocation. Concerning microbial translocation, we hypothesized that adaptive immune responses to a specific bacterial species known to be present in gut-associated lymphoid tissue are higher among HIV-infected individuals than among HIV-uninfected controls and are associated with T cell activation and lower CD4 T cell counts. By characterizing the IgG response toAchromobacter xylosoxidans, we found that HIV-infected participants who were immunoresponsive (n= 48) had significantly lower CD4 percentages (P= 0.01), greater CD4 activation (percentages of RA−CD38+) (P= 0.03), and higher soluble CD14 (P= 0.01). HIV-positive individuals had higher anti-A. xylosoxidansIgG titers than HIV-uninfected individuals (P= 0.04). The results suggest an abnormal adaptive immune activation to gut microflora during HIV infection.

scholarly journals Microbial translocation induces persistent macrophage activation unrelated to HIV-1 levels or T-cell activation following therapy

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Wallet ◽  
Carina A Rodriguez ◽  
Li Yin ◽  
Sara Saporta ◽  
Sasawan Chinratanapisit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Variable Normalization of Naïve CD4+ Lymphopenia and Markers of Monocyte and T Cell Activation over the Course of Direct-Acting Anti-Viral Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ann W. N. Auma ◽  
Carey L. Shive ◽  
Lenche Kostadinova ◽  
Donald D. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Monocyte Activation ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Direct Acting

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with naïve CD4+ T cell lymphopenia and long-standing/persistent elevation of cellular and soluble immune activation parameters, the latter heightened in the setting of HIV co-infection. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. However, we recently reported that accelerated peripheral cell death may contribute to naïve CD4+ T cell loss and that mechanistic relationships between monocyte activation, T cell activation, and soluble inflammatory mediators may also contribute. Chronic HCV infection can be cured by direct-acting anti-viral (DAA) therapy, and success is defined as sustained virological response (SVR, undetectable HCV RNA (ribonucleic acid) at 12 weeks after DAA treatment completion). However, there is no general consensus on the short-term and long-term immunological outcomes of DAA therapy. Here, we consolidate previous reports on the partial normalization of naïve CD4+ lymphopenia and T cell immune activation and the apparent irreversibility of monocyte activation following DAA therapy in HCV infected and HCV/HIV co-infected individuals. Further, advanced age and cirrhosis are associated with delayed or abrogation of immune reconstitution after DAA therapy, an indication that non-viral factors also likely contribute to host immune dysregulation in HCV infection.

scholarly journals Four Weeks of Treatment With Rifaximin Fails to Significantly Alter Microbial Diversity in Rectal Samples of HIV-Infected Immune Non-Responders (ACTG A5286) Which May be Attributed to Rectal Swab Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett B. Williams ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Ronald J. Bosch ◽  
Ellen S. Chan ◽  
Jeffrey M. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction: HIV-infected individuals have evidence of intestinal microbial translocation which is associated with immune activation and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic which reduces microbial translocation in other disease states, was shown to have a marginal beneficial effect on microbial translocation, T-cell activation, and inflammation in a multisite randomized trial (ACTG A5286; NCT01466595) of HIV-infected persons with poor immunologic recovery receiving ART. Here, we report analysis of the rectal microbiome changes associated with that trial.Methods: HIV-1-infected individuals receiving ART with CD4-T cell count <350cells/mm3 and viral suppression were randomized 2:1 to rifaximin or no therapy for 4 weeks. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) and at week 4 of rifaximin therapy. Genomic DNA extracted from rectal swab samples was analyzed using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes.Results: Forty-eight HIV-infected participants (31 received rifaximin, 17 no treatment) were included. There was broad variability in the recovery of bacterial rRNA from the specimens at baseline. No major significant (FDR P<0.05) effects of rifaximin treatment on alpha- or beta- diversity or individual taxa were observed between or within the treatment arms, with analyses conducted at taxonomic levels from phylum to genus.Conclusions: Rifaximin did not meaningfully alter the diversity or composition of the rectal microbiome of HIV-infected individuals after 4 weeks of therapy, although rectal swab specimens varied widely in their microbial load.

Microbial translocation and T cell activation are not associated in chronic HIV-infected children

AIDS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Madrid ◽  
Antoni Noguera-Julian ◽  
Lola Falcon-Neyra ◽  
Claudia Fortuny ◽  
Beatriz De Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation

FRI-147-Gradual restoration of HCV-specific CD8+ T cell frequency but persistence of altered phenotype in cirrhotic HCV-infected patients after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. e453
Author(s):  
Elena Perpiñan ◽  
Sofía Pérez-del-Pulgar ◽  
Maria Carlota Londoño ◽  
Patricia González ◽  
Zoe Mariño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cell Frequency ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting
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