scholarly journals From spaceflight to blood doping: Devices for assessing haemoglobin mass and intravascular volumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. e13081 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Breenfeldt Andersen ◽  
L. Oberholzer ◽  
T. Haider ◽  
A. -K. Meinild-Lundby ◽  
N. Fagoni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Doping ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass

The biochemistry of drugs and doping methods used to enhance aerobic sport performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Blood Doping

Optimum performance in aerobic sports performance requires an efficient delivery to, and consumption of, oxygen by the exercising muscle. It is probable that maximal oxygen uptake in the athlete is multifactorial, being shared between cardiac output, blood oxygen content, muscle blood flow, oxygen diffusion from the blood to the cell and mitochondrial content. Of these, raising the blood oxygen content by raising the haematocrit is the simplest acute method to increase oxygen delivery and improve sport performance. Legal means of raising haematocrit include altitude training and hypoxic tents. Illegal means include blood doping and the administration of EPO (erythropoietin). The ability to make EPO by genetic means has resulted in an increase in its availability and use, although it is probable that recent testing methods may have had some impact. Less widely used illegal methods include the use of artificial blood oxygen carriers (the so-called ‘blood substitutes’). In principle these molecules could enhance aerobic sports performance; however, they would be readily detectable in urine and blood tests. An alternative to increasing the blood oxygen content is to increase the amount of oxygen that haemoglobin can deliver. It is possible to do this by using compounds that right-shift the haemoglobin dissociation curve (e.g. RSR13). There is a compromise between improving oxygen delivery at the muscle and losing oxygen uptake at the lung and it is unclear whether these reagents would enhance the performance of elite athletes. However, given the proven success of blood doping and EPO, attempts to manipulate these pathways are likely to lead to an ongoing battle between the athlete and the drug testers.

The Relation between Total Haemoglobin Mass, Heart Volume and Maximal Oxygen Uptake

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S3
Author(s):  
Christoph Ahlgrim ◽  
Torben Pottgiesser ◽  
Kai Roecker ◽  
Yorck O. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Heart Volume ◽  
Total Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Total Haemoglobin

The spirit of sport, morality, and hypoxic tents: logic and authenticity

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cruise Malloy ◽  
Robert Kell ◽  
Rod Kelln
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Spirit Of Sport

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has recently made a decision to allow the use of hypoxic tents amid a significant amount of controversy over the morality of their use for athletic training purposes. Currently, altitude training is considered moral, but other means of improving aerobic performance are not; for example, blood doping. Altitude training and blood doping have similar results, but the methods by which the results are achieved differ greatly. The controversy lies in how the use of a hypoxic device falls within WADA’s philosophy, which will then dictate future policy. This paper discusses the influence of a hypoxic environment on human physiology, altitude training’s influence on athletic performance, the concept of authentic physiology, and moral behaviour that is the foundation for logical debate.

scholarly journals Blood Doping Detection – A New Analytical Approach with Capillary Electrophoresis

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 886-886
Author(s):  
Aline Staub ◽  
Serge Rudaz ◽  
Martial Saugy ◽  
Jean-Luc Veuthey ◽  
Julie Schappler
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Blood Doping

Blood Doping

2012 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Keith Hill ◽  
Tom Baranowski ◽  
Walter Schmidt ◽  
Nicole Prommer ◽  
Michel Audran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Doping
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