scholarly journals Association of physical activity and cardiorespiratory function or BMI and body composition in preterm‐born individuals: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Spiegler ◽  
Robert Eves ◽  
Marina Mendonça ◽  
Dieter Wolke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Preterm Born

A Systematic Review of Active Video Games on Youth’s Body Composition and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (09) ◽  
pp. 561-573
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Nan Zeng ◽  
Daniel J. McDonough ◽  
Xiwen Su
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Objectively Measured

AbstractIn the past decade, active video games (AVGs) have started to find their way into communities, schools, and homes as a possible solution to promote physical activity (PA) and prevent childhood obesity. However, the evidence regarding its effectiveness on body composition and objectively measured PA in youth remains inconclusive. Thus, a systematic review on this topic is needed. This review synthesizes effects of AVGs on body composition and PA in youth. The initial search yielded 260 articles from 10 databases and 18 randomized-controlled trials were included after evaluating against eligibility and removing duplicates. Overall, AVGs showed positive effects in improving body composition and PA in overweight/obese youth as compared to the control conditions with only 2 studies displaying neutral effects on these outcomes as compared to traditional PA or comparison programs. For healthy youth, more than half of the studies (n = 10) demonstrated neutral effects of AVGs on these outcomes whereas only 6 yielded positive effects compared to the control conditions. Further, one study indicated that the control condition observed greater improvement in body composition compared with an AVG intervention in healthy youth. In summary, AVGs are deemed a promising addition to promote PA and health among overweight/obese youth with the goal of fighting childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Environmental interventions to promote healthier eating and physical activity behaviours in institutions: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518-1531
Author(s):  
Anneliese M Shaw ◽  
Stephen A Wootton ◽  
Joanne L Fallowfield ◽  
Adrian J Allsopp ◽  
Emma L Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Behaviours

AbstractObjectiveThe present review evaluated the effectiveness of environmental-based interventions aimed at improving the dietary and physical activity behaviours and body composition indices of adults in institutions.DesignA systematic review was conducted. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, Scopus and Athena) were searched for relevant articles published between database inception and October 2017. Searching, selecting and reporting were undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.SettingMilitary establishments and maritime workplaces.ParticipantsAdults in institutions, aged 18–45 years.ResultsA total of 27842 articles were screened for eligibility, nine studies (reported in eleven articles) were included in the review. Five studies used multilevel strategies and four used environmental strategies only. Duration of follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years. Eight of the studies reported significant positive effects on dietary behaviours, but effect sizes varied. The study that targeted physical activity had no effect on activity levels but did have a significant positive effect on physical fitness. No evidence was identified that the studies resulted in improvements in body composition indices.ConclusionsThe evidence base appears to be in favour of implementing environmental interventions in institutions to improve the dietary behaviours of adults. However, due to the small number of studies included in the review, and the variable methodological quality of the studies and intervention reporting, further well-designed evaluation studies are required.

Associations Between Active School Transport and Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Fitness: A Systematic Review of 68 Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Travis John Saunders ◽  
Guy Edward John Faulkner ◽  
Rachel Colley ◽  
Mark Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
The Impact

Background:The impact of active school transport (AST) on daily physical activity (PA) levels, body composition and cardiovascular fitness remains unclear.Methods:A systematic review was conducted to examine differences in PA, body composition and cardiovascular fitness between active and passive travelers. The Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and ProQuest databases were searched and 10 key informants were consulted. Quality of evidence was assessed with GRADE and with the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool for quantitative studies.Results:Sixty-eight different studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies found that active school travelers were more active or that AST interventions lead to increases in PA, and the quality of evidence is moderate. There is conflicting, and therefore very low quality evidence, regarding the associations between AST and body composition indicators, and between walking to/from school and cardiovascular fitness; however, all studies with relevant measures found a positive association between cycling to/from school and cardiovascular fitness; this evidence is of moderate quality.Conclusion:These findings suggest that AST should be promoted to increase PA levels in children and adolescents and that cycling to/from school is associated with increased cardiovascular fitness. Intervention studies are needed to increase the quality of evidence.

scholarly journals The effect of social media interventions on physical activity and dietary behaviours in young people and adults: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Goodyear ◽  
Grace Wood ◽  
Bethany Skinner ◽  
Janice L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Media Interventions

Abstract Background The objectives of this systematic review were to update the evidence base on social media interventions for physical activity and diet since 2014, analyse the characteristics of interventions that resulted in changes to physical activity and diet-related behaviours, and assess differences in outcomes across different population groups. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted across 5 databases (Medline, Embase, EBSCO Education, Wiley and Scopus) using key words related to social media, physical activity, diet, and age. The inclusion criteria were: participants age 13+ years in the general population; an intervention that used commercial social media platform(s); outcomes related to changes to diet/eating or physical activity behaviours; and quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Quality appraisal tools that aligned with the study designs were used. A mixed methods approach was used to analyse and synthesise all evidence. Results Eighteen studies were included: randomised control trials (n = 4), non-controlled trials (n = 3), mixed methods studies (n = 3), non-randomised controlled trials (n = 5) and cross-sectional studies (n = 3). The target population of most studies was young female adults (aged 18–35) attending college/university. The interventions reported on positive changes to physical activity and diet-related behaviours through increases in physical activity levels and modifications to food intake, body composition and/or body weight. The use of Facebook, Facebook groups and the accessibility of information and interaction were the main characteristics of social media interventions. Studies also reported on Instagram, Reddit, WeChat and Twitter and the use of photo sharing and editing, groups and sub-groups and gamification. Conclusions Social media interventions can positively change physical activity and diet-related behaviours, via increases in physical activity levels, healthy modifications to food intake, and beneficial changes to body composition or body weight. New evidence is provided on the contemporary uses of social media (e.g. gamification, multi-model application, image sharing/editing, group chats) that can be used by policy makers, professionals, organisations and/or researchers to inform the design of future social media interventions. This study had some limitations that mainly relate to variation in study design, over-reliance of self-reported measures and sample characteristics, that prevented comparative analysis. Registration number: PROPSERO;CRD42020210806.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Serious Games to Increase Physical Activity in Children With a Chronic Disease: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

10.2196/14549 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. e14549
Author(s):  
Daniël Bossen ◽  
Aline Broekema ◽  
Bart Visser ◽  
Annette Brons ◽  
Annieck Timmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Background Physical activity (PA) is important for children with a chronic disease. Serious games may be useful to promote PA levels among these children. Objective The primary purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of serious games on PA levels in children with a chronic disease. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were systematically searched for articles published from January 1990 to May 2018. Both randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included to examine the effects of serious games on PA levels in children with a chronic disease. Two investigators independently assessed the intervention, methods, and methodological quality in all articles using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Results This systematic review included 9 randomized controlled trials (886 participants). In 2 of the studies, significant between-group differences in PA levels in favor of the intervention group were reported. The meta-analysis on PA levels showed a nonsignificant effect on moderate to vigorous PA (measured in minutes per day) between the intervention and control groups (standardized mean difference 0.30, 95% CI –0.15 to 0.75, P=.19). The analysis of body composition resulted in significantly greater reductions in BMI in the intervention group (standardized mean difference –0.24, 95% CI –0.45 to 0.04, P=.02). Conclusions This review does not support the hypothesis that serious games improve PA levels in children with a chronic disease. The meta-analysis on body composition showed positive intervention effects with significantly greater reductions in BMI in favor of the intervention group. A high percentage of nonuse was identified in the study of serious games, and little attention was paid to behavior change theories and specific theoretical approaches to enhance PA in serious games. Small sample sizes, large variability between intervention designs, and limited details about the interventions were the main limitations. Future research should determine which strategies enhance the effectiveness of serious games, possibly by incorporating behavior change techniques.

scholarly journals The Effect of Exercise on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi ◽  
Antonios Siargkas ◽  
Kalliopi Anna Poulia ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
Michail Chourdakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Body Strength

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with aggravating factors which can affect both body composition and nutritional status. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the potential effects of any physical activity on body composition or nutritional status among patients with stage 5 CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane was conducted and 14 randomized clinical trials were included. Skeletal muscle index and mid-arm muscular circumference increased after resistance exercise, and the results on body mass index, % body fat, and lean body mass varied. Serum albumin and C-reactive protein, in most cases, showed a slight increase and decrease, respectively. An improvement was also observed in body strength and overall performance status. The results suggest that physical activity can be beneficial for both the body composition and nutritional status of patients undergoing HD and can help in the prevention of sarcopenia. However, further research is needed mainly in the field of nutritional status.

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