scholarly journals The Effect of Exercise on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi ◽  
Antonios Siargkas ◽  
Kalliopi Anna Poulia ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
Michail Chourdakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Body Strength

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with aggravating factors which can affect both body composition and nutritional status. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the potential effects of any physical activity on body composition or nutritional status among patients with stage 5 CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane was conducted and 14 randomized clinical trials were included. Skeletal muscle index and mid-arm muscular circumference increased after resistance exercise, and the results on body mass index, % body fat, and lean body mass varied. Serum albumin and C-reactive protein, in most cases, showed a slight increase and decrease, respectively. An improvement was also observed in body strength and overall performance status. The results suggest that physical activity can be beneficial for both the body composition and nutritional status of patients undergoing HD and can help in the prevention of sarcopenia. However, further research is needed mainly in the field of nutritional status.

scholarly journals The National After-School Athletics Program Participation as a Tool to Reduce the Risk of Obesity in Adolescents after One Year of Intervention: A Nationwide Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Głąbska ◽  
Dominika Guzek ◽  
Blanka Mellová ◽  
Katarzyna Zadka ◽  
Katarzyna Żywczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Activity Program ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
After School ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
One Year

Regular exercise during school hours is encouraged; however many children and adolescents fail to meet the recommendations during this time. Extracurricular activities may be a more appealing way for youth to achieve guidelines, and it is recommended that they attend two sessions each week. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of participation in a national physical activity program accompanied by nutritional education for trainers on the risk of obesity and body composition in a nationwide sample of boys and girls, after one year of intervention. The #goathletics Study was conducted in a group of 1014 adolescents aged 12–13: 507 individuals for the Athletics for All program (210 boys, 297 girls) and 507 pair-matched individuals not participating in any physical activity program (matching including: gender, age, city of residence). The body mass (kg), Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (WC) (cm), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (-) and body composition (%) (measured using bioelectrical impedance method) were compared in a gender-related sub-groups using t-Student test (for parametric distributions) or Mann-Whitney U test (for nonparametric distributions) and chi2 test (for the share of sub-groups). After one year of intervention, lower body mass percentile, BMI percentile, WC, WHtR and fat mass share, higher muscle mass share, as well as lower frequency of overweight/obesity and abdominal fat distribution were observed both for boys and girls participating in the physical activity intervention compared to the pair-matched controls. The after-school physical activity program accompanied by nutritional education for trainers may be a highly effective method for reducing the risk of obesity both for boys and girls, as regular participation is ensured.

scholarly journals The changes in proportion and body composition of a woman practicing group fitness training for three months.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agata Mroczek ◽  
Magdalena Chawałek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Group Fitness ◽  
Fitness Training

Background: Physical activity is an excellent form of prevention of modern diseases. The most popular form of physical activity chosen by women is group fitness activities. Women are most likely to focus on exercises for the lower parts of the body (thighs, buttocks, abdomen). In recent years, dance classes (e.g. Zumba) or exercises on mini trampolines have become very popular. Regular fitness training contributes to positive changes in the proportions and body composition. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the proportions and body composition of a woman via a 3-month group fitness training program. Case report: The study involved a woman aged 26, participating in fitness classes three times a week for a period of three months. The woman participated in the following training cycle: twice a week (Monday and Wednesday) in the Jumping Frog interval training on a trampoline; twice a week (Monday and Friday) in ZUMBA® classes; and once a week (Wednesday) in ABT classes (abdomen, buttocks, thighs). Her height and weight, waist and hips circumference, and the thickness of three skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, abdominal) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated and body composition analysis (% of body fat, lean body mass) was performed. Two measurements were made: the first at the beginning of the training cycle, the second on completion. After three months of training, there were a decrease in body weight (2.2 kg), BMI (0.77 kg/m2), waist circumference (4 cm), hip circumference (2 cm), WHR (0.03), subscapular, abdominal and triceps skinfold (1 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm), body fat (2.6%) and perimeters, and an increase in lean body mass (1 kg). Conclusions: This study shows a positive effect of fitness training on body proportions and body composition.

The Effects Of Physical Activity And Diet On Reducing The Body Mass Index In Adolescent:, Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Guebli Abdelkader ◽  
Noureddine Zabchi ◽  
Sahi Oualdi Bouchra ◽  
Francisco Jeci De Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
You HW ◽  
Tan PL ◽  
Mat Ludin AF
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition. 

scholarly journals Energy expenditure, nutritional status, body composition and physical fitness of Royal Marines during a 6-month operational deployment in Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Fallowfield ◽  
Simon K. Delves ◽  
Neil E. Hill ◽  
Rosalyn Cobley ◽  
Pieter Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Micronutrient Status

Understanding the nutritional demands on serving military personnel is critical to inform training schedules and dietary provision. Troops deployed to Afghanistan face austere living and working environments. Observations from the military and those reported in the British and US media indicated possible physical degradation of personnel deployed to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in body composition and nutritional status of military personnel deployed to Afghanistan and how these were related to physical fitness. In a cohort of British Royal Marines (n 249) deployed to Afghanistan for 6 months, body size and body composition were estimated from body mass, height, girth and skinfold measurements. Energy intake (EI) was estimated from food diaries and energy expenditure measured using the doubly labelled water method in a representative subgroup. Strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. The mean body mass of volunteers decreased over the first half of the deployment ( − 4·6 (sd 3·7) %), predominately reflecting fat loss. Body mass partially recovered (mean +2·2 (sd 2·9) %) between the mid- and post-deployment periods (P< 0·05). Daily EI (mean 10 590 (sd 3339) kJ) was significantly lower than the estimated daily energy expenditure (mean 15 167 (sd 1883) kJ) measured in a subgroup of volunteers. However, despite the body mass loss, aerobic fitness and strength were well maintained. Nutritional provision for British military personnel in Afghanistan appeared sufficient to maintain physical capability and micronutrient status, but providing appropriate nutrition in harsh operational environments must remain a priority.

scholarly journals Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of the body mass index in Brazilian workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Priscila Cristina Santos ◽  
Kelly Samara da Silva ◽  
Bruno Gonçalves Galdino da Costa ◽  
Gabrielli Thais de Mello ◽  
Elusa Santina Antunes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Industrial Workers

An unhealthy body composition has been linked with chronic diseases and premature deaths that could be prevented. It is desirable to understand how modifiable behaviors are linked to the body composition of industrial workers, and identify risk groups among the population to plan interventions and policies. The aim of the study was to identify the sociodemographic, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutritional correlates of the body mass index (BMI) of Brazilian industrial workers. Data were used from the “Lifestyle and Leisure Habits of Industrial Workers” study (n = 45,508), conducted between 2006 and 2008, in 24 of the 27 Brazilian states. Gender, physical activity practice, television viewing, consumption of sweetened drinks, weight, and height were reported by the participants, and BMI was calculated. Linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with BMI. Women had a lower BMI when compared to men (-1.63 kg/m2, CI95%: -1.71; -1.56). Age and television viewing were positively associated with BMI and physically inactive adults had a BMI of 0.22 kg/m2 (CI95%: 0.15; 0.29) greater than those who were active during leisure time. There was no association between BMI and sweetened drink consumption. Usually, BMI is higher among men, older individuals, those who watch more hours of TV daily, and those who do not practice physical activity during leisure time. When possible, it is suggested to promote the practice the practice of physical activity during leisure time without directing actions to comply with the recommendation of 150 minutes per week with the understanding that some activity is better than none, as well as stimulate the reduction of TV viewing time among workers.

scholarly journals FRI0255 BODY COMPOSITION IN SCLERODERMA PATIENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY, SERUM LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PARAMETERS OF NUTRITION AND LIPID METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 711.3-712
Author(s):  
S. Oreska ◽  
M. Špiritović ◽  
P. Česák ◽  
M. Cesak ◽  
H. Štorkánová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Musculoskeletal Involvement

Background:Fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs, especially digestive tract, and musculoskeletal involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) can have a negative impact on body composition, physical activity and nutritional status.Objectives:The aim was to assess body composition and physical activity of SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) and the association with selected inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and laboratory markers of nutritional status and lipid metabolism in SSc.Methods:59 patients with SSc (50 females; mean age 52.5; disease duration 6.7 years; lcSSc: 34/dcSSc: 25) and 59 age-/sex-matched HC (50 females, mean age 52.5) without rheumatic or tumour diseases were included. SSc patients fulfilled ACR/EULAR 2013 criteria. We assessed body composition (densitometry: iDXA Lunar, bioelectric impedance: BIA-2000-M), physical activity (Human Activity Profile, HAP questionnaire), disease activity (ESSG activity index), serum levels of 27 cytokines/chemokines (commercial multiplex ELISA kit, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and serum levels of chosen parameters of nutrition and lipidogram. Data are presented as mean±SD.Results:Compared to HC, patients with SSc had significantly lower body mass index (BMI, 27.4±8.3 vs. 22.4±4.3 kg/m2, p<0,001), body fat % (BF%, iDXA: 38.0±7.6 vs. 32.6±8.2 kg, p<0,001; BIA: 31.3±7.6 vs. 24.3±7.9 kg, p<0,001) and visceral fat weight (VF, 1.0±0.8 vs. 0.5±0.5 kg, p=0,001), and also significantly decreased lean body mass (LBM, iDXA: 51.9±8.4 vs. 47.8±7.0 kg, p=0,005; BIA: 45.4±7.3 vs. 40.9±6.8 kg, p=0,005), and bone mineral density (BMD, 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.1 g/cm2, p<0,001). Compared to HC, patients with SSc had increased extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM, 1.03±0.1 vs. 1.28±0.4, p<0,001) ratio, reflecting deteriorated nutritional status and worse muscle predispositions for physical activity. Increased ECM/BCM in SSc was associated with higher disease activity (ESSG), increased skin score (mRSS) and inflammation (CRP, ESR), and with worse quality of life (HAQ, SHAQ), fatigue (FSS), and decreased physical activity (HAP). ESSG negatively correlated with BF%. HAP positively correlated with BMD. Serum levels of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (specifically IL-1b, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF, Eotaxin) and markers of nutrition (specifically total protein, albumin, insulin and C-peptide) and lipid metabolism (specifically triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A, atherogenic index of plasma) were significantly associated with alterations of body composition in patients with SSc (p<0.05 for all correlations).Conclusion:Compared to healthy age-/sex-matched individuals we found significant negative changes in body composition of our SSc patients, which are associated with the disease activity and physical activity, and could reflect their nutritional status, and gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal involvement. Detected alterations of body composition in SSc patients were significantly associated with serum levels of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and markers of nutrition and lipid metabolism, which might further support the role of systemic inflammation and nutritional status on the negative changes in body composition of SSc patientsAcknowledgments:Supported by AZV NV18-01-00161A, MHCR 023728, SVV 260373 and GAUK 312218Disclosure of Interests:Sabina Oreska: None declared, Maja Špiritović: None declared, Petr Česák: None declared, Michal Cesak: None declared, Hana Štorkánová: None declared, Hana Smucrova: None declared, Barbora Heřmánková: None declared, Olga Růžičková: None declared, Heřman Mann: None declared, Karel Pavelka Consultant of: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Ladislav Šenolt: None declared, Jiří Vencovský: None declared, Radim Bečvář Consultant of: Actelion, Roche, Michal Tomčík: None declared

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Tibetan Adolescent girls of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Neelam Singh ◽  
Gautam K. Kshatriya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Composition Characteristics

AbstractMalnutrition among adolescents is an important public health issue in India. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional status and body composition characteristics of adolescent girls and their interrelationships with physical activity and socioeconomic status (SES). Nutritional status and body composition characteristics were assessed in terms of body mass index (BMI), upper arm muscle area by height (UAMAH) and percent body fat (PBF) among 276 Tibetan adolescent girls from Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. Overall, 12.7% of the girls were in the wasting category (using Z-score based classification for UAMAH) and 9.8% were thin. About 16.3% girls were obese. Significant variabilities of PBF have been observed with respect to age and levels of physical activity and wasting. Adolescent girls were observed to have higher lean body mass than body fat.

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

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