scholarly journals Yokoyama procedure for esotropia associated with high myopia: real‐world data from a large‐scale multicentre analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Wabbels ◽  
Julia Fricke ◽  
Michael Schittkowski ◽  
Michael Gräf ◽  
Birgit Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data

scholarly journals Exploring the Feasibility of Using Real-World Data from a Large Clinical Data Research Network to Simulate Clinical Trials of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyi Chen ◽  
Hansi Zhang ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Thomas J George ◽  
Mattia Prosperi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Trial Simulation

AbstractClinical trials are essential but often have high financial costs and long execution time. Trial simulation using real world data (RWD) could potentially provide insights on a treatment’s efficacy and safety before running a large-scale trial. In this work, we explored the feasibility of using RWD from a large clinical data research network to simulate a randomized controlled trial of Alzheimer’s disease considering two different scenarios: an one-arm simulation of the standard-of-care control arm; and a two-arm simulation comparing treatment safety between the intervention and control arms with proper patient matching algorithms. We followed original trial’s design and addressed some key questions, including how to translate trial criteria to database queries and establish measures of safety (i.e., serious adverse events) from RWD. Our simulation generated results comparable to the original trial, but also exposed gaps in both trial simulation methodology and the generalizability issue of clinical trials.

Increased Incident Ischemic Stroke Risk in Advanced Kidney Disease: A Large-Scale Real-World Data Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
Tosihki Maeda ◽  
Takumi Nishi ◽  
Shunsuke Funakoshi ◽  
Kazuhiro Tada ◽  
Masayoshi Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data

Introduction: Evidence using real-world data is sparse regarding the effects of oral anticoagulants (OACs) among patients with kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kidney disease on ischemic stroke (IS) or systemic embolism (SE) among patients taking OAC, using large-scale real-world data in Japan. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using claims data and health checkup data from health insurance associations in Japan, from January 2005 to June 2017. We enrolled 21,581 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). Of the total population, 11,848 (54.9%) patients were taking OAC. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the effect of kidney disease on IS/SE with or without OAC. Results: During follow-up, 208 participants who were not taking OAC (mean follow-up 2.6 years) and 200 who were taking OAC (mean follow-up 3.0 years) experienced IS/SE. The % IS/SE incidence rates with and without kidney disease were 2.42/person-year and 0.63/person-year in the total population, 3.66/person-year and 0.76/person-year in the group without OAC use, and 1.52/person-year and 0.55/person-year in patients with OAC use, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of kidney disease for IS/SE were high, irrespective of OAC, even after adjustment: adjusted HR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.72–3.99) without OAC and adjusted HR 2.03 (95% CI: 1.20–3.44) with OAC; p = 0.193 for interaction between no OAC and OAC. Although bleeding risk was also high for kidney disease irrespective of OAC use (HR 2.93 [95% CI: 2.27–3.77] in the total population, HR 3.08 [95% CI: 2.15–4.43] in the group without OAC, and HR 2.73 [95% CI: 1.90–3.91] in the group with OAC use), net clinical benefit indicated that the benefit of OAC use exceeded the risk of bleeding: HR 4.50 (95% CI: 0.76–8.23) among those with kidney disease and HR 0.35 (95% CI: 0.04–0.66) among those without kidney disease. Conclusion: Although we found that OAC use was effective and recommended for patients with AF, advanced kidney disease is still an independent risk factor for IS/SE, even in patients taking OAC. Physicians should be aware of this risk and strictly control modifiable risk factors, regardless of OAC use.

scholarly journals Learning the Compositional Visual Coherence for Complementary Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Likang Wu ◽  
Hongke Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Global Coherence ◽  
Art Methods

Complementary recommendations, which aim at providing users product suggestions that are supplementary and compatible with their obtained items, have become a hot topic in both academia and industry in recent years. Existing work mainly focused on modeling the co-purchased relations between two items, but the compositional associations of item collections are largely unexplored. Actually, when a user chooses the complementary items for the purchased products, it is intuitive that she will consider the visual semantic coherence (such as color collocations, texture compatibilities) in addition to global impressions. Towards this end, in this paper, we propose a novel Content Attentive Neural Network (CANN) to model the comprehensive compositional coherence on both global contents and semantic contents. Specifically, we first propose a Global Coherence Learning (GCL) module based on multi-heads attention to model the global compositional coherence. Then, we generate the semantic-focal representations from different semantic regions and design a Focal Coherence Learning (FCL) module to learn the focal compositional coherence from different semantic-focal representations. Finally, we optimize the CANN in a novel compositional optimization strategy. Extensive experiments on the large-scale real-world data clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of CANN compared with several state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Uveitis on Visual Field Progression Using Large-Scale Real-World Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Liu ◽  
Stephen R. Kelly ◽  
Giovanni Montesano ◽  
Susan R. Bryan ◽  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Visual Field Progression ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dynamics of Pedestrian Crossing Decisions Based on Vehicle Trajectories in Large-Scale Simulated and Real-World Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Terwilliger ◽  
Michael Glazer ◽  
Henri Schmidt ◽  
Josh Domeyer ◽  
Heishiro Toyoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Vehicle Trajectories ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing
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